INDIAN TOURISM, ELLORA CAVES, MAHARASHTRA.

 

ELLORA CAVES

 Caves of Ellora In the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, 34 rock-cut caves were built between 7th to 9th century at a place called Verul (Ellora), which has caves of Buddhists from 1 to 12 and Hindus from 13 to 29 and Jainas from 30 to 34.  The cave has 10 chaityagrhas dedicated to Vishwakarma, the craft deity.  The Ellora Guha temple was built during the time of the Rashtrakus.  The Kailasaguha temple of Ellora is the most outstanding among them, which was built by Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna I.

 MANUFACTURING PERIOD

 The caves of Ajanta and Ellora in Maharashtra are filled with sculpture and painting inspired by Buddhism and filled with their compassionate feelings, reflecting fine art knowledge and precious times in human history.  Ellora or Ellora is an archaeological site.  It is built by the rulers of the Rashtrakuta dynasty.  These caves, made by Buddhist and Jainism, are ornamented with ornaments.  Yet they reflect peace and spirituality and are full of divine energy and power.  Starting in the second century D.C. and the sixth century A.D.  Continuing in D.D.

 The cave temples and monasteries at Ellora are built by cutting the vertical part of the mountain, which is 26 km north of Aurangabad.  Influenced by Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism, these art forms depict mosaics elaborate in the mountains.  The 34 caves, arranged in a line, have Buddhist chaitya or chambers of worship, viharas or monasteries and Hindu and Jain temples.  Fifth and eleventh century AD spread over a period of about 600 years.  Among the oldest crafts here is 'Dhoomar Lena' (Cave 29).  The most impressive mosaic is undoubtedly of the wonderful 'Kailash Mandir' (Cave 16), which is the largest statue made of a single stone rock around the world.  Known as 'Verul' in ancient times, it has continuously attracted religious travelers from centuries to the present day.

 TOTAL CAVES

 There are 34 caves in Ellora and you should have enough time to see them.  These caves lie along the banks of the basaltic hills.  Hindu, Jain and Buddhist religions are available in these caves.  The cave number one is known as the Vishwakarma cave.  These caves are believed to have come into existence after 350 to 700 BCE.  The 12 caves on the south side are based on Buddhism and the 17 caves in the middle are Hinduism and the 5 caves in the north are based on Jainism.  In Hindu caves, a cave is made by cutting a single mountain.  The temple, elephant and two-story building in this cave are carved with chisel hammer.  When I saw this artisanship of the craftsmen, I fell in front of them.  Because to make a magnificent construction by carving with a chisel hammer is a work of patience and labor.  Looking at this, it does not appear that any human has done this work.  It seems that the owner of an infinite power or a great man has done the construction work.  It would have taken many centuries to cut and build the mountain.

 world Heritage Site

 After being declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO since 1983, the paintings and sculptures of Ajanta and Ellora are considered excellent specimens of Buddhist religious art and have a profound influence on the development of art in India.  Ellora has preserved an artistic tradition that will continue to inspire and enrich the lives of future generations.  Not only is this cave complex a unique artistic creation, it is also an excellent example of technological use.  But it has been devoted to Buddhist, Hindu and Jainism for centuries.  They reflect the spirit of tolerance, which has been characteristic of ancient India.

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INDIAN TOURISM, AJANTA CAVES.

 

AJANTA'S CAVES

 The rock-cut Buddhist cave temple and monastery is located near Ajanta village in north-central Maharashtra, western India, which is noted for its mural painting.  These temples are built by hollowing out layers of igneous rocks of a rock at the 20 meter deep left end of the Vagurna river valley 107 km northeast of Aurangabad.

 This group of about thirty caves was excavated in the first century BC.  And between the seventh century it was performed in two forms - Chaitya (temple) and Vihara (monastery).  Although the sculpture of these temples, especially the ornamentation of the chaitya pillars, is amazing, the main attraction of Anjata's caves is mural painting.  The Buddhist religious narratives and deities depicted in these paintings with as much abundance and vivacity are unique in the field of Indian art.

 The caves of Ajanta are steeped in sculpture and painting inspired by Buddhism and filled with their compassionate emotions, reflecting the fine knowledge of art and precious times in human history.  These caves, carved by Buddhist and Jainism, are ornamented with carvings.  Yet there is a peace and spirituality in them and they are full of divine energy and power.  Starting in the second century D.C. and the sixth century A.D.  Continuing in D., these caves of Ajanta, about 107 km from Aurangabad city in Maharashtra, are built in the shape of huge horseshoes by cutting the mountain.  A herd of 29 caves in Ajanta is one of the finest examples of Buddhist architecture, cave painting and sculpture painting.  These caves have chaitya chambers or monasteries, dedicated to Lord Buddha and Vihara, which were used by Buddhist monks to meditate and study the teachings of Lord Buddha.  These paintings on the walls and ceilings of the caves depict various incidents of the life of Lord Buddha and various Buddhist deities.  The most important of these paintings are the Jataka tales, depicting a variety of stories related to the Buddha's previous birth as a Bodhisattva, a saint who was destined to become a Buddha.  It presents sculptures and paintings in an effective manner while being free from the effects of time.  These beautiful images and pictures depict Buddha in a calm and holy pose.

 These 30 caves, located on the Sahyadri hills, have about 5 prayer halls and 25 Buddhist monasteries.  These caves were discovered by Army officer John Smith and his team in 1819.  When he came here to hunt, he saw a series of 29 caves lined and thus these caves became famous.  Built in the shape of a horseshoe, these caves are of very ancient and historical importance.  These depict Buddhism from 200 BCE to 650 BCE.  Beautiful paintings with various postures of beautiful apsaras and princesses are also engraved on the walls in the caves of Ajanta, which are very beautiful specimens of excellent painting and sculpture.  Ajanta caves can be divided into two parts.  In one part there is a glimpse of the Hinayana of Buddhism and in the other part there is a glimpse of Mahayana sect.  The Hinayana part has 2 chaityas and 4 viharas and the Mahayana part has 3 chaityas and 11 viharas.  These are 19th-century caves, which have statues and paintings of Buddhist monks.  Sculpted with the help of a hammer and chisel, these idols themselves contain unmatched beauty.

 Of the total 29 caves built in Ajanta, only 6 are present, cave numbers 1, 2, 9, 10, 16, 17 remaining.  Of these 6 caves, cave number 16 and 17 are Gupta.  Ajanta's paintings technically rank first in the world.  In these caves, various types of flower-leaves, trees and animal motifs and the work of depicting statues of Buddha and Bodhisattvas, stories from Jataka texts have been used as a descriptive scene.  These pictures mostly depict Jataka tales.  Somewhere in these paintings, human characters of non-Indian origin are also depicted.  A feature of Ajanta's painting is that the scenes in these paintings are not divided into different configurations.

 In Ajanta, pictures have been made using both 'Fresco' and 'Tempera' methods.  Before making the painting, the wall was thoroughly rubbed and cleaned and then plastered on it.  The picture of the 'dying princess' engraved in Ajanta's cave number 16 is admirable.  Praising this painting, Griffith, Verges and Ferguson said, - "Compassion, sentiment and the vision to say your story clearly" is inextricable in the history of painting.  Cave number 16 was donated to the Buddhist Sangha by Varaha Mantri, minister of Harishen (475-500 AD), ruler of Vasugupta branch of Vakataka dynasty.

 The picture of cave number 17 is called 'Chitrashala'.  It was built by a feudal named Harishen.  In this Chitrasala, pictures related to Buddha's birth, life, Mahabhinakrishna and the events of Mahaparinirvana are carved.  Of all the paintings engraved in cave number 17, the picture of mother and child is the best.  Ajanta caves belonged to the Mahayana branch of Buddhism.

 The glow of the paintings of Ajanta's famous caves is a matter of wonder for scholars since modern times, even after more than a thousand years.  The events related to Lord Buddha are expressed in these paintings.  These paintings were made with the colors invented by mixing rice starch, gum and some other leaves and things.  They were buried in the ground for about a thousand years and were excavated again in 1819 and brought to light.  Even after the passing of a thousand years, their color did not lighten, did not deteriorate, the brightness remained unchanged.  If there was an attempt to improve something or apply modern colors, it failed.  This technique of colors and lines still reminds us of the glorious past.

 British modifier Mr.  Griffith says, 'The images he painted in Ajanta were the pinnacle of creation.  In Ajanta, the perpendicular (vertical) lines drawn on the walls are easily drawn from the brush.  It is truly astonishing masterpiece.  But when the ridges on the surface of the roof parallel the equilateral horizon, the corresponding curves, the uniformity in the appearance of the arches and the thousands of complexities of its creation are noticed, it really seems to be an astonishing wonder and a miracle. '

 After being declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO since 1983, the paintings and sculptures of Ajanta and Ellora are considered excellent specimens of Buddhist religious art and have a profound influence on the development of art in India.  The human and animal forms depicted within the Ajanta in the paintings of these caves, using the creative use of colors and freedom of expression, can be considered a high level of artistic creativity.  It has been devoted to Buddhist, Hindu and Jainism for centuries.  They reflect the spirit of tolerance, which has been characteristic of ancient India.

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INDIAN TOURISM, PRATAPGAD. MAHARASHTRA.

 

PRATAPGAD

Pratapgad is at a distance of 21 km from Mahabaleshwar to Mahad road.  On 10th November, 1659, this fort was built.  The biggest battle took place between Shivaji Maharaj and Afzal Khan, so this fort has gained a unique general significance.  This fort was established by Shivaji Maharaj in the year 1656.  The fort is located at an altitude of about 3543 feet above sea level.  Ch. Shivaji Maharaj had established the temple of 'Tulja-Bhavani' mother at this place.  Hundreds of kilometers of Konkan area can be seen from this fort. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj!  Even if only his name is mentioned, every Marathi man has a feeling of pride and excitement in his mind.  Maharaj is the true deity of the whole of Maharashtra, the Hindu man!  Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, created by Rajmata Jijau, performed many feats in his vertical life.  The story of his prowess is still told to children at home.  One of them is Shiv Pratap Din, the day that tells the story of greatness! This day, which tells the story of Maharaj's incredible bravery, is celebrated every year at Pratapgad.  We celebrate the day when Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj killed the cruel Afzal Khan at the foot of Pratapgad as Shiv Pratap Day. It is rare to find a Marathi man who does not know the battle of Pratapgad!  This is a very important battle in the history of Maharashtra.  One of the most exciting moments in history is the assassination of Afzal Khan.  In the south, Adilshah had run a little to the ground.  As there was no way to stop the Maharajah, Adilshah's mother Buddy Begum finally appealed to the Bhar Darbar of Bijapur that whoever brought Shivaji Maharaj captive would be given a big reward.  He was a cruel, cunning Afzal Khan!  It was not easy to defeat him.  He was a great warrior of Adilshahi and was well versed in all tactics.  In order to take care of Shivaji Maharaj, Afzal Khan left Bijapur with a large army in 1659. In Afzal Khan's army, Siddi Hilal, Musakhan, Amber Khan, Yakut Khan, Prataprao More and Pilaji Mohite were the mighty warriors.  There were also soldiers with guns.

 As he went from floor to floor, he demolished many temples according to Islamic custom.  Shivaji Maharaj, on hearing the news of Khan's arrival, shifted his stay from Rajgad to Pratapgad in the remote dense forest.  Afzal Khan demolished the Bhavani temple at Tuljapur and then diverted his cash to the temple at Pandharpur, the deity of Maharashtra.

 But the maharaja took a defensive stance by playing guerrilla kava.  Khan shook hands with Siddi of Janjira and also strengthened his grip on the Konkan side. Khan slowly moved on and stopped at Wai.  He was well acquainted with the region as he was formerly the Subhedar of Wai.  From this point on, it would be easier for him to play, so he stayed with Wai.  Khana wanted to kill Shivaji Mahar even before the war. Maharaj was of the opinion that tactics were better than power.  Moreover, as there would have been losses in the war, Maharaj sent his envoys to Khan and showed him that he was scared.

 We are scared and we don't want to fight, we want to make a pact or compromise. The messenger informed Khan. Khan called Maharaj to meet Wai.  But the Maharaja refused to go to Wise because there was a strong possibility of an assassination.  So Maharaj pretended that he was very scared and asked Khan to visit the foothills of Pratapgad.  Khan agreed to meet at the foot of Pratapgad. During the meeting, it was decided that neither side would use any weapon.  It was decided that each party would have 10 bodyguards and one of them would stay outside the tent and the other bodyguards would stay long.

 The date of the visit was 10th November 1659. On the day of the visit, Afzal Khan came to Shamiana before the time of the visit.  Shivaji Maharaj had deliberately made a very grand and beautiful shamiana.  Although Khan had decided to betray him unarmed, he hid Bichwa under his tunic as he had decided to betray him.  After Maharaj came to Shamiana, Afzal Khan invited Maharaj to give him a hug.  As soon as Dhippad Afzal Khan hugged Maharaj, he pressed his arm and attacked Maharaj.

 But as he was wearing armor, he was not harmed and as Khan betrayed him, Maharaj took out the tiger and stabbed Khan in the stomach and took out his sack.  So his bodyguards became alert.  A battle broke out between the other bodyguards and the Maharaja's bodyguards.  Sayyid Banda attacked Maharaj but Jiva Mahal caught him and cleared the way for Maharaj.

 Maharaj sent his head to Jijau as a gift.  The Maharaja immediately returned to the fort and ordered the artillery to attack Afzal Khan's army. The troops of the Maharaja were already encamped in the dense forest of Pratapgad.  As soon as they heard the sound of gunfire, they attacked Afzal Khan's army. Khan's army was unconscious.  Kanhoji Jedhe attacked the gunmen.  Musakhan fled.  Afzal Khan's army was in turmoil.  About 5,000 soldiers were killed and 3,000 captured as prisoners of war and Adilshahi's army was severely defeated. But Maharaj's army did not oppress anyone.  This was the big difference between Marathas and others.

 This is the heroic story of Maharaj in whose memory Shiv Pratap Day is celebrated.

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INDIAN TOURISM, VIJAYDURGA FORT, MAHARASHTRA.

 

VIJAYDURG

 Vijaydurg is one of the most important of the western coastal fortifications located 235 km south of the city of Mumbai in the state of Maharashtra.  The water fort called Vijayadurg, also known as Gheria.  Vaghotan (formerly Kundalika) is situated near the Arabian Sea at the southern end of the mouth of the river.  It is famous as the scene of many episodes of Maratha history.

 Fortifications also existed during the Shilhar dynasty (late 12th to early 13th century), but the present structure of Vijayadurg dates back to the 16th century Bijapur rulers.  It was renovated by Shivaji in 1654 AD.  Vijaydurg was the most fortified fort on the west coast with 300 cannons on three rows of fortifications, a strong wall and 27 bastions.

 HISTORY

 The history of Vijayadurga (1742 -1756 AD) is associated with deep hatred between the strong naval Angre family brothers Tulaji and Manaji, both commanders of the Maratha fleet.  Tulaji Angre was a skilled sea warrior and a thorn in the route of the British East India Company.  He continuously prevented the British from establishing dominance on the west coast.  The British took advantage of the situation by supporting Manaji at the behest of Peshwa Balaji Bajirao, as per the prevailing trick of the time.

 A joint naval force led by Edmiral Watson marched south, whose main objective was to eliminate the Maratha power and establish the power of the British on the western coast of India.  Vijayadurg was the base of Maratha fleet which controlled a port.  On 11 February 1756, the combined fleet of Manaji and East India Company defeated Tulaji Angre in the ground opposite Vijaydurg.  During this battle, a ship called 'Restoration' caught fire.  This fire also went to the nearby Maratha ships, which weakened the power of Tulaji and ultimately led to his defeat.  Maritime dominance of the west coast of India changed in a single day.

 REASON TO LOSE

Marathe never recovered from this accident.  Partly the reason for the defeat of Tulaji was that their strategy of defeating the forces of Admiral Watson and Manaji against the walls of Vijaydurg at that time considered impregnable was thwarted.

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INDIAN TOURISM, LONAWALA, MAHARASHTRA.

 

LONAVALA

 Lonavala is a beautiful hilly region of Pune district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.  It is located in the northwest of Pune.  Lonavala is also called the jewel of the Sahyadri category.  The serene climate, serene environment and clean air make Lonavala an ideal place to spend a holiday.  Naval training is also given here.  Tourists can also see ancient Buddhist temples, magnificent forts and hills etc. in this famous place of Pune.  This mountainous region is famous for its health benefits due to its fresh, pollution-free environment and pleasant climate throughout the year, away from the running and noise of the city.  Annual income is also a means of attracting domestic and foreign tourists.

 EVENT

 Lonavala is situated at an altitude of 625 meters above sea level.  This hill station is at the Bhor Ghat Pass.  Pune-Mumbai rail route and road pass through this pass.  Lonavala is 64 kilometers from Pune and 96 kilometers from Mumbai.  It is also home to a small rock shelter and the headquarters of the 'Tata Hydroelectric Scheme'.

 HISTORY

 Lonavala is derived from the Sanskrit word 'Lonavali', which means - caves.  In ancient times Lonavala was ruled by Yadav kings.  Later Mughals took it under their control.  Realizing the strategic importance of the region, he retained his rule over Lonavala for a long time.  In 1871, Sir Alfiston, the Governor of Mumbai, discovered Lonavala.  At the time of its discovery it was in the form of a dense forest and only a handful of people inhabited here.

 CORRIGED

 JEWEL OF SAHYADRI

 Lonavala is also known as the 'Jewel of Sahyadri'.  It is a popular destination for hiking and trekking.  Apart from this, many historical forts, ancient caves and serene lakes surrounding it are associated with this place.  The climate here is also pleasant and beneficial for health.  On one side of the Lonavala is the Deccan plateau and on the other the panoramic views of the Konkan coast.  There is no better weather than the monsoon to experience the peace here.  There are also extensive waterfalls and greenery nearby.

 THE FAME

 The presence of famous lakes and dams such as Pavana Lake, Vallanan Lake, Tungarli Dam and Tungarli Lake in Lonavala make the environment of the place attractive.  Raiwood Park is an extensive garden located in Lonavala and is full of tall green trees.  It is a place of joy for young children who like to play in its vast grounds.  Shivaji Udyan is also another place to have fun.  However, if you prefer to go for a natural experience then Rajmachi Wildlife Sanctuary is a good place.  The Rajmachi Point offers spectacular views of Shivaji's famous fort and the surrounding valley.  While you are there, do not forget to visit the famous Waghajai Dari, apart from tasting a special item in Lonavala, Chikki, a hard sweet candy.

 WHEN TO GO

october to May is an ideal time for vacationers with a calm and soothing atmosphere.  However, most seasonal travelers prefer visiting Lonavala during the monsoon.  Lonavala has a very inviting climate, where the weather remains pleasant and hospitable throughout the year.

 HOW TO REACH

 Just one hundred kilometers away from Mumbai and Pune, this holiday spot is easily accessible by air, road and rail.  It is also a major stop on the rail line between the major cities of Mumbai and Pune.  It is located on the Mumbai-Pune highway and the Mumbai-Pune expressway.  The Pune airport is the nearest airport, which helps in getting to Lonavala.

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INDIAN TOURISM. KHANDALA, MAHARASHTRA.

 

KHANDALA

 Khandala is a beautiful hill station in Pune district of Maharashtra state of India, which is located in the Sahyadri Mountains.  Situated in the western part of the Sahyadri Range, this place is situated at an elevation of about 625 meters above sea level and is a famous scenic spot in India.  Located at the end of Bhor Ghat, this place is about three kilometers from Lonavala, which is another hill station.  It is located at a distance of seven kilometers from Karjat, which is special for those traveling on foot.

 HISTORY

 There is no reliable historical evidence about the origin of Khandala.  Although it is a well-known fact that before the British authority, the great Maratha warrior Chhatrapati Shivaji and the Peshwas ruled Khandala for a long time.  Like all other hill stations, Khandala is a testimony to the colonial era.  The rich cultural heritage of India is clearly seen in the historical sites and monuments here.

 TOURIST SPOT

 Nestled in the hills and valleys of the Sahyadri mountain range, this place has an enjoyable season throughout the year.  Adorned with beautiful natural landscape, Khandala impresses tourists with its breathtaking views of grassy hills, bright valleys, beautiful lakes and pleasant waterfalls.  Some of the places of tourist attraction include Amritanjan Point, Dukes Nose, Raywood Park and Bhushi Dam.  Apart from the immense natural splendor, this hill station is also very famous for its cave temples, which were built in the second century BC.

 Khandala tourism is visited by many places and is one of the interesting regions of India, where the magnificent natural beauty is present.  Lohagad fort means iron fort and it was built to keep prisoners.  Another tourist spot near Khandala is the 'Kune Falls', which falls from a height of 100 meters.  It is surrounded by greenery all around.  Tourists must see the Rajamachi Fort, which is an iconic tourist destination and is surrounded by evergreen valleys and gardens.  Tourist places in Khandala are truly amazing, full of abundant natural beauty.

 NATURAL BEAUTY

 The cave temples here represent Buddhist architecture.  Here evidence of the presence of Hinayana sect is also found in the past.  For nature lovers and enthusiasts, walking in the picturesque valleys is a mysterious attraction, which is the specialty of this place.  Khandala has been blessed with abundant natural beauty and the monsoon is the best time to witness this natural marvel when it is at its peak.  Everything looks dense, green and fresh around you, which creates a heady feeling in you.

 WHEN TO GO

 The time from October to May is the best time to visit Khandala.  The best advantage of this beautiful hilly terrain is taken through trekking.  Travelers coming here or experienced people, everyone should choose a trail to reach the top of the mountains and cliffs and see the beautiful valleys below.  'Dukes nose point' and 'Karla hills' are the two popular trekking places here.  The weather is ideal throughout the year to visit Khandala.  Most of the time the weather here is warm and hospitable.  However, winter is the best time to visit here.  The serene and enchanting weather here enhances the joy of vacation at this place.

 HOW TO REACH

 Khandala is easily accessible by air, road and rail.  The Mumbai-Pune highway, the major link between Mumbai and Pune, passes through Khandala.  Its accessibility from the surrounding cities makes it an attractive place for hiking and relaxing.  Khandala is well connected to all major cities of Maharashtra by rail, road and air.  The Pune airport is the nearest airport, although several intercity trains are available that connect major cities of Maharashtra to Khandala.

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INDIAN TOURISM, BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTER.

 BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE

 Bhabha Atomic Research Center is located in the city of Mumbai in the state of Maharashtra.  It is a multi-disciplinary nuclear research center in nuclear science and engineering and other related fields under the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India.

 Construction

 India's nuclear program began under the leadership of Dr. Homi Jahangir Bhabha.  On 3 January 1953, the Atomic Energy Commission started as the Atomic Energy Institute and was dedicated to the nation on 20 January 1957 by the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.  After this, the Atomic Energy Institute was renovated and renamed as Bhabha Atomic Research Center on 12 January 1967, which was a humble tribute to Dr. Bhabha's accidental death in a plane crash on 24 January 1966.

 FOUNDED BY

 Dr. Homi Jahangir Bhabha was a dreamer who envisioned India's nuclear energy program.  He started a program of research in nuclear science in India in March 1944 with the help of a handful of scientists.  He recognized the immense potential of nuclear energy and its potential for successful use in power generation and allied sectors.  Dr. Bhabha started this work with the goal of achieving self-reliance in the field of nuclear science and engineering, and today's Department of Atomic Energy which is a group of diverse science and engineering fields is the result of Dr. Bhabha's vision.  Dr. Homi Jahangir Bhabha started the Indian nuclear program in March 1944, recognizing high potential in a viable alternative source for nuclear power generation.  It was Dr. Bhabha's vision that led to the beginning of nuclear research in India at the time when the miracle of nuclear disintegration was being discovered by Otto Han and Fritz Strassman, and then by the feasibility of the nuclear chain reactions unambiguous by Enrico Fermi and colleagues  Reported about.  At that time, nuclear fission and uncontrolled chain reaction was negligible to the outside world.  No one was ready to give any recognition to the idea of ​​nuclear power generation.  Dr. Bhabha was a skilled scientist and committed engineer as well as a dedicated architect, cautious planner and accomplished executive.  He was an excellent lover of fine arts and music and a philanthropist.  The right path adopted by Dr. Bhabha towards the Indian Atomic Energy Program is one of the best in the world.  The members of the Department of Atomic Energy and the people of the entire country salute this great scientist and in the coming years also pledge to follow the path chosen by him.

 INHERITANCE

 In March 1944, Dr. Bhabha approached Sir Dorabji Tata Trust to undertake nuclear research in India, which led to the establishment of the Tata Fundamental Research Institute in Mumbai and was inaugurated on 19 December 1945.  The Atomic Energy Act was passed on 15 April 1948 and the Atomic Energy Commission was established on 10 August 1948.  A detailed survey of sparse minerals and uranium deposits was initiated by the Atomic Minerals Division with a view to promote studies on the use of nuclear energy for the benefit of the nation and for chemical processing and recovery of sparse soil compounds and thorium uranium deposits dated 18.  Indian Rare Earths Ltd. was established on August 1959.  The Atomic Energy Institute Trombay (AEET) was launched by the Atomic Energy Commission on 3 January 1954.  Since 3 August 1954, the Atomic Energy Commission under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Scientific Research was brought under the Department of Atomic Energy and Dr. Homi Bhabha became the Secretary of the Department on behalf of the Government of India.  The Department of Atomic Energy functioned directly under the control of Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and since then this department has been directly under the control of successive Prime Ministers.  All scientists and engineers working in the fields of reactor design and development, mechanization, metallurgy and materials science, etc. were transferred from TIFR to AEET with their own programs which became an integral part of the newly created Institute of Atomic Energy, Trombay.  TIFR has become a full-fledged institution of basic research in nuclear science.

 DEDICATED TO THE NATION

 The Atomic Energy Institute, Trombay was formally dedicated to the nation on 20 January 1957 by the then Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.  After that Prime Minister Indira Gandhi renamed AEET and named it Bhabha Atomic Research Center on January 12, 1967, which was our humble tribute to Dr. Homi Bhabha after his death in an air crash on January 24, 1966.  The Institute of Atomic Energy, Trombay had established itself as a specialized nuclear research institute in the science world where high level research and development work is going on in the areas of nuclear reactor design and installation, fuel fabrication, chemical processing of remaining fuels.  Along with this, sufficient expertise has been gained in the development of application techniques of radioisotopes in medicine, agriculture and industries.  Basic and advanced research in the areas of nuclear physics, spectroscopy, solid state physics, chemistry and life sciences, reactor engineering, mechanization, radiation safety and nuclear medicine etc. were going on at a rapid pace.

 AN OBJECTIVE

 The Bhabha Atomic Research Center provides extensive facilities ranging from basic laboratory bench scale research to plant operations to extensive scientific and technology activities.  Its functional activities include science and technology - all topics from traditional ideas to budding fields.  The basic mandate of this institution is to provide all the research and development support required for the peaceful use of power generation and nuclear energy.  This includes preparation of peripheral components, computer generated working models and their evaluation, integration, selection and reactor operation in simulated reactor operating stage, testing of substances and components for exposure to adverse environmental conditions, development and testing of new reactor fuel materials, etc.  Are included.  In addition, Bhabha Atomic Research Center provides expertise in chemical processing of spent fuels, safe disposal of nuclear waste as well as development of new isotope application technologies in the fields of industry, medicine and agriculture.  At Bhabha Atomic Research Center, efforts are being made to accelerate the advance research work in physics, chemistry and biological sciences so that the country can be taken to the international level in the fields of science and technology.

 FEATURES

 The Bhabha Atomic Research Center is a multi-faceted institution where the results of self-conducted research are transferred to a developmental level and ultimately successfully carried out to the relevant fields through examples.  Advanced equipment and instruments, well established laboratories, favorable conditions and availability of skills from all fields of science and engineering are the characteristics of Bhabha Atomic Research Center which is committed to taking the country towards new horizons of knowledge and development.

INDIAN TOURISM, AMBOLI VALLEY MAHARASHTRA

 AMBOLI VALLEY MAHARASHTRA

Amboli is a small mountainous region located in Maharashtra. This famous tourist destination is in the Sahyadri Range, which falls in Sindhudurg district. Amboli was given the status of hill station in the year 1880. This place is a great place to spend holidays with family etc. The weather here is mostly cold, so it is good to come here during the summer days.Event If the rain showers are enjoyed at a hill station, then this experience is unique in itself. 'Amboli' is a place to realize something similar. This beautiful place is located in the southern range of Sahyadri hills of Sindhudurg district. The spectacular landscape of this place has the potential to captivate anyone. There are many places from which one can enjoy the panoramic view of lush green mountains and fertile earth.Amboli is the perfect place to spend holidays etc. with all the family. History During the British rule, the city of Amboli was used as a high post from where checkpoints were made for soldiers in Central and South India. In 1880 Amboli was declared a hill station. The locals of Sawantwadi discovered the beauty of this place even before the British.

With the monsoon being the rainiest place in Maharashtra, the British made Metheran their favorite destination in summer. As a result, Amboli remained an important place on the map of Maharashtra for a long time. 

Other tourist spot Amboli is a great place to spend weekends. Along with this it is also a romantic place. Tourists can come here to reduce the speed of running life. Amboli is a paradise for waterfalls. Some of the waterfalls found here are some waterfalls.

Shrigaonkar Falls Mahadev waterfall Nangarta waterfall The Nangarta waterfall is an excellent place for picnic and relaxing. There is a small ancient Shiva temple near the mouth of the caves of Hiranyakeshi Falls. It is believed that this temple was built by Shiva himself.Hiranyakeshi Temple got its name from Parvati, which is a name of hers. Being a hill station, Amboli has many scenic spots such as Sea View Point, Kavelsad Point, Parikshit Point and Mahadev Point. All these places provide panoramic views of the confluence of the Arabian Sea and the Konkan coast. 

OTHER PLACES There is an ancient Shiva temple located in Amboli village, also known as 'Hiranyakeshi'. A stream of water comes out from here and joins the Krishna River. These Shiva temples are located in a cave and this stream originates from here. It is believed that there are about 108 Shiva temples here, but only a few of them have been exposed so far.

Tourists visiting here can also enjoy a picnic. The view of the Konkan coast from the thick forests and deep valleys is also very beautiful. Tourists can also see the bauxite mine at a distance of 10 km from this hill station. If tourists are fond of fishing, then it can be enjoyed for hours in Hiranyakeshi. Remains of Madhavgarh Fort can also be seen here. A war memorial is also located on the main road of Amboli.

When to go Because the weather here is cool due to its high altitude, it is better to come here in summer. It is pleasant to stay at this place due to the temperature of 20 degrees Celsius during the monsoon. It would be nice to come here in winter too. Due to the good rainfall occurring during the monsoon period, the waterfall and mist present here enhances the beauty of the natural landscape. Amboli is a great resort for the fun of the rain and for a few days of solitude.

Where you stay

 Amboli has some good and cheap hotels. These include Hotel 'Whistling Woods', 'Silent Valley Resort Shanti Darshan' and 'Hotel Shiv Malhar'. Along with this, resorts of 'Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation' are also present here. Almost all have restaurants, room service and cab service.

TRANSPORTATION Amboli is easily accessible by air, rail and road, being located near Sawantwadi and Goa. The nearest domestic airport to Goa is located at a distance of about 70 km from the airways. Sawantwadi railway station can be used to arrive by rail. Tourists can reach Amboli by taking a taxi from the railway station. With Mumbai at 550 kilometers and Pune at 400 kilometers, many buses are available not only from these two cities but also from other cities.

INDIA. MURUD JANJIRA FORT MAHARASHTRA

 MURUD JANJIRA FORT MAHARASHTRA

Janjira Fort is located near Raigad in Konkan, Maharashtra. History Janjira is a desecration of the Arabic word 'Jazeera', meaning island. In 1490 AD, the Nizamshah of Ahmednagar established a garrison for himself at Janjira and handed it over to 'Siddi Yakut Khan', a valiant Habshi skilled in navigational art. It had two tasks - first to protect coastal trade and second, to take and bring Muslim Haj pilgrims to Mecca safely. In this way a small state of Janjira was established, which in the long run was also subject to political changes.When Shivaji invaded Kalyan in 1657 AD and annexed the Bijapur part of North Konkan, Siddi Sardar confronted him with a large contingent of his brave sailors. Therefore, it became necessary for Shivaji to build a naval force for himself, to prevent Siddi power, as well as to strengthen his power on the west coast. Shivaji's war with the Siddis began in 1657 AD and continued till his death.There were some fierce battles in between. Once it also happened that Shivaji got the right over all the territories of Siddi except Janjira. But Shivaji's victory in the changed circumstances was momentary. With the help and encouragement of the Mughals, the power of the Siddis increased steadily, resulting in conflict between the two.In 1734–35 AD, Sardar Angre, the naval chief of the Marathas, captured several parts of Janjira. Shahu was very angry with Siddi's fierce attack on Colaba. He sent 'Chimnaji Appa' against the Siddis in 1736 AD. He took the matter seriously and quickly attacked the Siddi power. Later, Tulozi Angre suppressed the Siddis almost completely.

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