INDIAN TOURIST PLACES AND GUIDE. STATE WISE.

Mussoorie

Mussoorie is a small city in the lap of nature of Uttarakhand which is also known as the 'Queen of the mountains'. Mussoorie is famous for beauty, education, tourism and business activities. Mussoorie, situated amidst the mountains, is a major tourist destination of Dehradun. The view of Mussoorie nestled between the Himalayas and the Doon Valley is very attractive due to the snow covered area. Mussoorie is also the gateway to Gangotri. The flora and fauna found in Dehradun add to its charm even more. It is a popular summer tourist destination for the residents of Delhi and Uttar Pradesh.

Event

Mussoorie is located 32 km from Dehradun in the northwestern Uttaranchal state of northern India. Mussoorie is situated in the middle of a picturesque mountain region in the foothills of the Himalayas at an altitude of 2,112 meters.

History

Mussoorie was discovered in 1827 by Captain Young. It is said that Captain Young of the British Army was impressed by the beauty of Mussoorie and decided to settle here. Mussoorie was named after the lentil plant found here in abundance.

Traffic and transportation

The nearest airport to Mussoorie is in Dehradun. Mussoorie can be reached from Dehradun by local bus, taxi. The nearest railway station from Mussoorie is at Dehradun, 33 kilometers away. Mussoorie is connected by road to many major cities of India. Uttar Pradesh State Transport, DTC, Semi Luxury, Luxury Buses are available till Mussoorie.

Industry and trade

Mussoorie has a botanical garden and summer offices of several Indian government offices. India's first liquor factory was established here in 1850.

educational institutions

The climate of Mussoorie and its surroundings makes it a suitable place for many residential schools.

There are several schools in Mussoorie of which it is prominent: - Weinberg Allen, Guru Nanak V Centenary, Mussoorie International, Tibbeton Homes and Woodstock School.

St. George's School in Mussoorie was established in 1853.

Guru Nanak Fifth Centenary School, Mussoorie (GNFCS) is a famous school in Mussoorie.

Lal Bahadur Training Academy is established here for training of selected candidates for the Indian Administrative Service.

Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration

Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration is India's premier institute, dedicated to imparting training to officers of higher civil services. Its main responsibilities are to provide entry-level training to members of All India Services and Central Services (Group 'A') through a joint core curriculum; Providing entry-and-post-entry vocational training and mid-career training for officers of the Indian Administrative Service; To organize other in-service training programs for the Indian Administrative Service and other services.

tourist spot

The Queen of Mountains, Mussoorie is one of the main tourist destinations in the city of Dehradun. While Mussoorie has a beautiful view of the glittering snowy ranges of the vast Himalayas, on the other hand, the amazing beauty of nature scattered in the Doon Valley brings peace to the tourists. Gun Hill, Mussoorie Lake and Kempty Fall are memorable tourist destinations of Mussoorie.

Population

According to the 2001 census Mussoorie has a population of 26,069.

PAHALGAM, JAMMU KASHIR.

PAHALGAM,

PAHALGAM

Pahalgam is one of the most beautiful hill stations in Kashmir, considered heaven on earth. Pahalgam, situated at an altitude of 2130 meters above sea level, is situated at the mouth of the Liddar River and Sheshnag Lake. Nestled amidst snow-capped peaks, shining glaciers and a rippling river in Anantnag district, Pahalgam leaves an indelible impression in the minds of tourists.

Tourist Spot

MAMLESHWAR

Mamleshwar Jyotirling

Mamal village is located 1 km from Pahalgam. There is a small temple of Shiva called Mamaleshwar on the other side of the river Lidder. This temple dates back to the 12th century King Jayaseema. This temple is one of the oldest temples in Kashmir.

BASARAN

Basaran

This meadow 150 meters high is about 5 km from Pahalgam. Panoramic views of Pahalgam and Lidder River can be seen from here. Basaran is surrounded by pine forests and snow-clad peaks.

TULIAN LAKE

Tulian Lake

This lake is 11 km from Besaran. Surrounded by snow-capped peaks for most of the year, this beautiful lake is at an altitude of 3353 meters. The scenes here surprise everyone.

OVERA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Overa Wildlife Sanctuary

Spread over an area of 32.27 sq km, this sanctuary is located near Pahalgam. Many rare and endangered birds and species of mammals can be seen here.

MARTAND

Martand Sun Temple. Matan

The remains of the Maratand temple on a high plateau in Matan village attract large number of tourists. The name of the village was Matan or Maratad after the name of the deity enshrined in the temple. This temple built by Lalitaditya Mukhtapida is among the most attractive remains of Kashmir.

ARU

Aru Valley

Nestled amidst the sound of birds chirping, the cool breeze and blue sky, Aru is situated at an altitude of 2408 meters above sea level. Away from urban life, Aru is a lush green and plains area on the banks of the Lidder River.

ACHABAL

Achabal Mughal Garden

This small town is famous for the Mughal Gardens. This garden was started by Nur Jahan and it was completed in 1640 by Jahanara, daughter of Shah Jahan. This garden is considered one of the most carefully designed gardens of Kashmir. It is said that this garden was the favorite resting place of Nur Jahan. The garden gets water from three canals of a spring. Some attractions in the main canal are fountains.

CHANDANWADI

Chandanwadi

Chandanwadi, located 16 km from Pahalgam, is the starting point of the Amarnath Yatra which begins in the month of Sawan. Amarnath cave is considered to be the home of Shiva. Sheshnag is a mountain lake at a distance of 11 km from Chandanwadi. Panchtarni, 13 km from here, is the last stop of the Amarnath Yatra. Amarnath cave is 6 km from Panchatarni.

HAJAN

Hajan

Hajan is a beautiful picnic spot located on the Chandanwadi road. The beauty of this place attracts filmmakers a lot. The location here can be seen in many films.

Traffic and transportation

Airway

The nearest airport to Pahalgam is in Budgam district. This airport is connected to major cities of India. Apart from this, there is also Srinagar Airport.

railroad track

Jammu and Udhampur railway stations are the nearest railway stations to Pahalgam. Regular trains go to Jammu from many cities of India.

Roadway

National Highway 1A connects the Kashmir Valley with other cities in India. Regular buses and taxis are available from Srinagar to Pahalgam.

Sports and entertainment

Horse riding

Horse riding (English: Horse Riding) Horse riding in Pahalgam has its own fun. For this, many ponies are available with the locals here, which you can rent.

Golf

Golf (English: Golf) Golf facility is available for tourists in Pahalgam. Golf sets can be easily rented from the tourist center there.

Mermaid Fishing

Matsyakhet Fishing (English: Fishing) By observing picturesque and natural scenery, fishing in the Lidar River has its own joy. A permit for this is easily obtained from the tourist center.

Mountaineering

Mountaineering (English: Trekking) From Pahalgam you can do mountaineering for places like Chandwari, Sheshnag, Panchatarni, Amarnath cave temple, Sonamarg etc.

Purchase

Pahalgam is basically a village of shepherds. Naturally Pahalgam is known for its clothing made of wool. Gabba and Namdas of the local shops can be purchased here.

If you need some help while traveling, please tell us exactly how to get there. For the nearest bus station, train station, airport, accommodation, meals, etc. contact me on email parkhenandu1@gmail.com

BHANDARDARA/ WILSON DAM, MAHARASHTRA.

☰

Bhandardara, Wilson Dam

BHANDARDARA

Scenic. Reserves

When it started raining, all the tourists remembered the scenic reservoir. In the rainy season, the mind is completely sealed ... Rainy showers, white foamy waterfalls falling down from the cliffs. At the same time, if you want to experience all this with nature, then definitely visit Bhandardara in Ahmednagar district.

Bhandardara is situated on the banks of the river Pravara. The place is full of natural beauty and waterfalls, mountains, reservoirs, green trees, pure and cool air add to the original beauty of the place. Bhandardara Dam and Randha Falls are the main tourist attractions here. Bhandardara has many beautiful places. A unique form of this reservoir can be seen in the rainy season. Along with the green shawl covered by nature, white clouds, thick fog, melodious sound of birds, colorful butterflies, dark bushes are refreshing to your mind. Tells to breathe freely. The following places in Bhandardara are waiting for you in this rainy season.

KALSUBAI PEAK

Kalsubai Peak

Kalsubai is the highest peak of Sahyadri in Maharashtra in Bhandardara area. It is a great place for trekking in the rainy season. It is a thrilling and unforgettable experience to come here in the rainy season and immerse yourself in the rain wind game. There is a temple of Kalsubai at the top of Kalsubai peak. The ascent to this peak starts from Bari village. Bari village is at a distance of 6 km from Bhandadarya. You can also use an iron ladder to climb this peak. The height of Kalsubai peak is 1646 km.

HOW TO GO

You can reach Ghoti station of Central Railway by train. There is a bus from Ghoti station to Bari village. It is 180 km from Mumbai and 80 km from Pune.

UMBRELLA FALL

Umbrella fall

Umbrella fall is a large circular waterfall on the Wilson Dam itself, which is called 'Umbrella Fall' because of its characteristic umbrella-like shape. Umbrella Falls can be seen from a great distance as the dam cycle begins. However, this umbrella falls can be seen only during the months of July to October.

RANDHA FALL

Rndha Fall

At a distance of 10 km from the village of Shendi, there is a huge waterfall called Randha Falls in the village of Randha. Currently, the waterfall is only visible during the rainy season due to the hydroelectric project on it. During the rainy season, the waterfall becomes very rainy. Another waterfall can be seen on the right side of the main waterfall in the rainy season. It is a thrilling experience to see both the waterfalls flowing at full capacity. Ratanwadi can be reached by boating from Bhandardarya.

RATANWADI

Amruteshwar Temple

There is an ancient Hemadpanthi temple of Amruteshwar at Ratanwadi. The stone carvings on this temple are very beautiful and beautiful and it has a Shivling in the main temple, during the rainy season this Shivling is completely submerged in water. There are many waterfalls in Ratanwadi area and 'Necklace Fall' which looks like a necklace is very popular.

GHATGHAR

Ghatghar

Ghatghar is a village full of natural beauty 22 km west of Shendi. The journey to Ghatghar from the side of Bhandardara dam is very pleasant. Ghatghar village is very famous near Konkan and from here you can see the enchanting view of Konkan and Sahyadri mountains. There are many waterfalls here and in the rainy season the whole area is lost in the fog. Ghatghar gets a lot of rain so it is called Cherrapunji of Nagar district.

Author - Charushila Bodhe

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SANCHI STUPA, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA.

SANCHI

Sanchi is a small village located in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh state, India. It is 46 km northeast of Bhopal and 10 km from Besnagar and Vidisha in the central part of Madhya Pradesh. There are Buddhist monuments here, which date back to the 3rd century BC. are from the middle of the twelfth century. This is Nagar Panchayat of Raisen district. A stupa is situated here. There are also many pylons surrounding this stupa. This love is epitome of peace, trust and courage. The stupa of Sanchi, Emperor Ashoka the Great, the third century BC Was built in Its center was a simple semi-circular, brick-built structure built on some relics of the Buddha. It had a parasol on its summit, which was a token of respect given to the monument.

HISTORY

This famous place, where a great stupa built by Ashoka, whose grand archway and the world famous sculptor on them are among the best examples of ancient architecture and sculpture of India. The famous Aishwaryashalini city of Buddhist is located near Vidisha (Bhilsa). It seems that Sanchi was a suburb and a vihar-site of Vidisha in the Buddhist period. In the opinion of Sir John Marshall, [1] the place named Kalidasa by Neechagiri near Vidisha in Meghdoot is the hill of Sanchi. It is said that Ashoka had built this beautiful stupa in Sanchi only at the behest of his beloved wife Devi. Devi was the daughter of one of Vidisha's nobles and Ashoka married him when he was the virgin of Vidisha during his father's reign.

RECORD

In many records found from Sanchi, this place has been named as 'Kakanadbot'. Chief among these is that of 131 Gupta era (450-51) AD which belongs to the reign of Kumaragupta I. It mentions the donation of some money in the name of Aryasangh located in Kaknadbot by Upasika Hariswamini, wife of Buddhist worshiper Sansiddha. Another article is engraved on a pillar, which is related to Viharasvamin, son of Gosursinghbal. This is also the Gupta period.

THE ESTABLISHMENT

The establishment of Sanchi was the greatest contribution of Ashoka, the great king of the Mauryan period, in the propagation of Buddhism and its education. He started work under a well-planned plan to spread the Buddha's message to the world. First of all, he gave statehood to Buddhism. He dug up the old stupas and got 84 thousand of the remains found from them and sent them to nearby countries including his kingdom and built a large number of stupas. Turn these stupas into permanent structures so that they can last longer. Sanchi was also one of the places where Emperor Ashoka built Buddhist monuments in India, which is known by the ancient name Kankenwa, Kakanya, etc. It had then developed into a major center of Buddhist education. There is no mention of the Buddha going from Bodh Gaya to Sanchi in Hieun Song's travelogue. It is possible that Sanchi's proximity to Ujjayini and being on the itinerary going from east to west and north to south has been one of the reasons for its establishment.

RENOVATIONS

Sanchi's fame remained till Rajput period, but during Aurangzeb's period, the center of Buddhism was lost in Sanchi oblivion. After that, thick shrubs and trees grew around here. In the 19th century, when Colonel Taylor came here, he found Sanchi stupas in bad condition. He dug and arranged them. Some historians believe that they dug inside it in the view of wealth, which caused a lot of damage to its structure. Later, the pujavid marshal got them renovated. It was very difficult to trace the entire construction of Sanchi in the midst of thickly thick shrubs and give them the original shape, but they helped to restore its old glory to some extent.

SPECIALTY

This Stupa is built on a high hill. There is a beautiful roundabout around it. The four toran stupas made of sandstone are situated on whose long plaques, there is a wonderful marking of the stories related to the life of the Buddha, especially the Jataka, as a sculptor. This sculptor depicts all forms of ancient Indian life. Apart from humans, lively pictures of animals, birds and plants are the main feature of this art. Simplicity, generality, and the emergence of beauty are the motivational power of Sanchi sculpture.

The sculpture of Gautama Buddha is not found in this sculptor because until that time [3] Buddha was not worshiped by making an idol as a deity. With the rise of Mahayana religion during the reign of Kanishka, the statue of Gautama Buddha entered Buddhism. Buddha's presence in Sanchi is indicated by some of his distinctive symbols, such as his homily renunciation depicted by a horse, devoid of cavalry, with a parasol installed on it. In the same way, the Buddha's Bodhi is given an idea by the empty Vajrasana under the Peepal tree. In the depiction of animals and birds, a sculpture of Sanchi is very beautiful. It has a depiction of an animal hospital where a monkey is amusingly examining a parrot's deformed eye. The emulsion given to a ascetic Buddha by a monkey is also wonderfully depicted. The sign of a monkey carrying a kheer in a bowl is slowly approaching Vajrasana under the ashwattha tree and returning with an empty bowl, in which several statues of the same monkey are painted to show the feeling of reality. The sculpture of Sanchi, like the sculpture of Amravati of South India, presents a beautiful tableau of the simple and simple life of pre-Buddhist India. From this Sanchi Stupa, excavations have unearthed bone remains of monks named Sariputra and Moggallayan which are now preserved in the local museum. Sanchi also has another small stupa of Ashoka's time. It does not have an archway. A stone pillar of Ashoka on which the inscription of the Maurya emperor is inscribed is among the important monuments here. This pillar was received during the breakup.

STUPA OF SANCHI

Sanchi Stupas may have slight semi-circular structures in view from a distance, but its grandeur, peculiarity and nuances can be detected only by visiting Sanchi. That is why a large number of Buddhist, tourists, researchers, scholars from the country and the world come to see this unique structure. The stupas at Sanchi were constructed in several periods, which are believed to date from the third century BC to the middle of the twelfth century. In 483 BCE, when Gautama Buddha sacrificed his body, his followers, the king, fought among themselves to fight over the remains of his body. Finally, a Buddhist saint understood and extinguished the parts of the remains of his body and distributed them. Initially, eight stupas were constructed with them and thus after the Nirvana of Gautama Buddha, the propagation of Buddhism started as a symbol of these stupas.

BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE

In Buddhism, teachings have importance in place of theistic doctrine. The stupa was a new idea beyond the temple in these structures. The word 'stupa' is believed to be derived from Sanskrit and Pali which means 'heap'. Initially, the remains of the Tathagata were placed in the central part and they were given a circular shape by putting mud stones on it. In these, such masonry of bricks and stones was done from outside so that the weather could not have any effect on these stupas in the open. Stupas have no sanctum sanctorum like a temple. The stupa built by Ashok at Sanchi was distinctive from earlier stupas. The best of Buddhist art are the masterpieces of Buddhist architectural craft in Sanchi which include 'Stupa', 'Toran', 'Pillar'. Among them Stupa No.1 was built by Emperor Ashoka in which the remains of Mahatma Buddha were kept.

There are also two other small stupas here in which the remains of two of his early disciples are kept. To enter the 'Vedika' of the first stupa, toran gates are built in all four directions. Outside the entire stupa, which used to be hard wood earlier, today there is a stone railing. There is a Vedika inside and a 'Pradakshina Path' to go to some height. A square railing of stones is built on the dome of the stupa and there is a 'three-tier umbrella' on the top. There are four pylons in four directions for entering the Vedika of the stupa. In stone pylons, tableaux and Jataka passages of the life of Mahatma Buddha have been engraved. This work has been done so closely that it is as if the craftsmen have coined them with a pen brush. The Ashoka pillar is installed in front of the southern archway of this stupa. Its stone is not found anywhere nearby. It is believed that this column weighing 50 tons was established here by bringing it from Chunar, hundreds of kilometers away. Here are the remains of a temple which is said to have been built during the Gupta period.

BUDDHIST MONASTERY

Near the stupas of Sanchi are the remains of a Buddhist monastery where Buddhist monks lived. This is the huge stone bowl with which food was distributed among the monks. There are a total of four dozen small structures including Maurya, Sunga, Kushana, Satavahana and Gupta relics. During the Sunga period, the stupa built by Ashoka in Sanchi was expanded, increasing its diameter from 70 feet to 120 feet and height to 54 feet. Apart from this, other stupas were constructed here. The renovation of these stupas in Sanchi lasted for a long time in which imaginations were used to make it unique. After this, the Sunga and Kushan kings built other stupas here during their times. Maurya, Sunga, Kushan Satavahana and Buddhism flourished for the Gupta period, but after their fall, the end of state religion began to decline with the end of the royal cult. But later rulers allowed Buddhist monuments and temples to remain unchanged.

Included in UNESCO list

The 'Sanchi', a confluence of religion and tourism, increased its importance since its inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage Site list in 1989. Being a major center of Buddhism, there is a gathering of native and foreign dignitaries here. Thousands of tourists arrive every day to see the grandeur of Sanchi, which has a large number of foreign tourists. The management and preservation work of this entire complex is under the Archaeological Survey of India department. The archaeological museum here is also worth visiting. Initially it was built near the stupas in the year 1919 but as the material started getting abundant it was shifted to the new museum building in 1986 at the base of the Sanchi hill. Remains of Maurya, Sunga, Satavahana, Kushan, Gupta stone stone art, sculptures, inscriptions etc. are seen in this museum. The magnificence of these Sanchi monuments not only enchants visitors, but the serene atmosphere here helps every visitor to understand the message of peace of Mahatma Buddha.

HOW TO REACH

Easy departure can be done by air, rail, bus etc. to Sanchi.

By plane

The nearest airport is at Raja Bhoj Airport, Bhopal, which has flights daily from cities like Delhi, Mumbai.

By Rail

Nittakam railway station is at Bhopal Junction, Habibganj which is connected to all major cities of the country.

By Bus

One can also easily go by bus. Sanchi is 46 km from Bhopal, 10 km from Vidisha and 232 km from Indore.

SINHAGAD FORT, MAHARASHTRA.

Sinhagad or Kondana is a pride of the southwestern region of Pune. This fort was the one to support Maharashtra during the ancient battles. Sinhagad battle of 1671 is the significant one. Bhuleshwar range of the great Sahyadris is the home to this historical monument.

The fortress has an elevation of around 1312 m above the sea level. Sinhagad has got its own breakneck slopes to protect it from all sides.

There are two entrances to this fort – one in the north-eastern region (Pune Darwaza) and another one towards the southeastern part (Kalyan Darwaza). The authenticity and the richness of Sinhagad fortress date back to around 1000 years.

This is evident from the carvings present on the walls of Kaundinya Eshwar temple there. Sinhagad is valued as a true sightseeing heritage.

To begin your sightseeing adventure, you have Rajaram’s tomb which is worth a visit. The fortress displays some of the adorable monoliths of Tanaji Malusare – one of the efficient safe-keepers of the fort from Shivaji Maharaj’s era.

Besides these crucial displays, the fortress has got its own military depot, a Kali temple, breweries, and a Hanuman effigy.

Pune Darwaza, Kalyan Darwaza, Tilak Bungalow, Hawa Point, Kade Lot, Amruteshwar Temple, Tanaji Samadhi and Memorial raises the elegance of this fortress even today.

Summiting the fortress offers some stunning views of the Khadakwasla Dam from one end; while from its other side, you can see glimpses of Torna Fort.

HISTORY OF SINHAGAD FORT:

Initially known as Kondana, the fortress of Sinhagad, this place has contributed a lot to the Battle of Marathas. Carving on the Kondeshwar temple walls indicates that the fort has been built around 1000 years ago.

Until the 14th century, the region was under the rule of a Koli king, Nag Naik. In 1328 A.D., this region was seized by Muhammad Bin Tughlaq. Later on, the responsibility of the administration of Pune came to Shahaji Raje Bhosale.

It was during the same period when Shivaji (son of Shahaji) came ahead with the oath of establishing swarajya. He convinced the Adil Shahi Sardar, Siddhi Ambar that he wants to manage the Sinhagad fortress and safeguard it. Instead, the fort was taken over by him.

Meanwhile, Adil Shah imprisoned both Shahaji Raje and Siddh Amber.

Unfortunately, Shivaji had to hand over the fort in return for the release of his father. Within the next seven years, Shivaji Maharaj succeeded in capturing the fortress back again with pride.

Later, the fort even faced many attacks by the Mughals between the period from 1662 to 1665.

Treaty of Purandar signed in the year 1665 forced Shivaji Maharaj to handover the fortress to Jai Singh. Immediately, Shivaji Maharaj conquered the fort and succeeded in managing it until 1689.

With Sambhaji Maharaj’s passing away, Mughals got a hold of the fortress.

It was back in the year 1693 that it was conquered by the Marathas. However, in 1703, Mughals once again succeeded in establishing their supremacy here. From 1706 to 1818, the fortress was under the management and supervision of the Maratha rulers. Later, Britishers succeeded in conquering it.

The architecture of Sinhagad Fort: Sinhagad fortress is set atop a plateau of Sahyadri mountains with steep slopes. These steep slopes were meant to defend the fortress against the intruders.

This historic landmark has an elevation of 1300 meters above the sea level and rises high at 750 meters from the mountain’s base.

The ancient stone stairways of this fortress mark their presence even today. These stone stairways lead you towards the strategically located bastions, two entrances, and the walls that enclose this magnificent structure.

There are two prime entrances to this fortress – one towards the northeastern region (Pune Darwaza) and the second one towards the south-eastern region (Kalyan Darwaza). There’s a famous Kali temple, some military sheds, breweries, the tomb of Rajaram Raje, and the tomb of Tanaji Malusare within.

Besides, the fort also features a 350-year old memorial of Shivaji Maharaj’s brave military leader – Tanaji Malusare.

Trek Route to Sinhagad Fort, Pune: Night trekking from Katraj to Sinhagad Fort is one of the critical adventurous activities to enjoy here at Sinhagad. Your adventure will begin from Old Katraj Tunnel Top and lead you through a mountain chain stretching along 16 kilometres distance.

The trekking route is blessed with ample sightseeing adventures such as hills and mountain ranges. Owing to its moderate difficulty, this adventure activity is ideal for both beginners and professional trekkers.

HOW TO REACH SINHAGAD FORT

Pune Airport is the nearest airport to the Sinhagad fortress. Once you get down, you can either travel via state-run or private buses or opt for private cab service to drive you to the Sinhagad fortress. Here are some other alternatives before you.

1. By rail: Pune Railway Station is the nearest of all the stations to get to the Sinhagad Fort. From here, you can either opt for a private cab service or choose for local bus transport to take you to the fort.

2. By road: Your journey from Pune to Sinhagad will be for an hour and 15 minutes. You can opt for a private cab service or Uber cab service or Ola to drive you between the two points.

3. By bus: Plenty of bus services are there to drive you between these two points. You need to visit the Pune Bus Stand to find the buses to prefer.

Alternatively, MSRTC also provides deluxe bus services from Pune Bus Stand to Sinhagad fortress. Besides, Sinhagad is also connected to Mumbai, other regions of Pune and Nagpur via state-run buses from MSRTC.

INDIAN TOURISM, ELLORA CAVES, MAHARASHTRA.

ELLORA CAVES

Caves of Ellora In the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, 34 rock-cut caves were built between 7th to 9th century at a place called Verul (Ellora), which has caves of Buddhists from 1 to 12 and Hindus from 13 to 29 and Jainas from 30 to 34. The cave has 10 chaityagrhas dedicated to Vishwakarma, the craft deity. The Ellora Guha temple was built during the time of the Rashtrakus. The Kailasaguha temple of Ellora is the most outstanding among them, which was built by Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna I.

MANUFACTURING PERIOD

The caves of Ajanta and Ellora in Maharashtra are filled with sculpture and painting inspired by Buddhism and filled with their compassionate feelings, reflecting fine art knowledge and precious times in human history. Ellora or Ellora is an archaeological site. It is built by the rulers of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. These caves, made by Buddhist and Jainism, are ornamented with ornaments. Yet they reflect peace and spirituality and are full of divine energy and power. Starting in the second century D.C. and the sixth century A.D. Continuing in D.D.

The cave temples and monasteries at Ellora are built by cutting the vertical part of the mountain, which is 26 km north of Aurangabad. Influenced by Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism, these art forms depict mosaics elaborate in the mountains. The 34 caves, arranged in a line, have Buddhist chaitya or chambers of worship, viharas or monasteries and Hindu and Jain temples. Fifth and eleventh century AD spread over a period of about 600 years. Among the oldest crafts here is 'Dhoomar Lena' (Cave 29). The most impressive mosaic is undoubtedly of the wonderful 'Kailash Mandir' (Cave 16), which is the largest statue made of a single stone rock around the world. Known as 'Verul' in ancient times, it has continuously attracted religious travelers from centuries to the present day.

TOTAL CAVES

There are 34 caves in Ellora and you should have enough time to see them. These caves lie along the banks of the basaltic hills. Hindu, Jain and Buddhist religions are available in these caves. The cave number one is known as the Vishwakarma cave. These caves are believed to have come into existence after 350 to 700 BCE. The 12 caves on the south side are based on Buddhism and the 17 caves in the middle are Hinduism and the 5 caves in the north are based on Jainism. In Hindu caves, a cave is made by cutting a single mountain. The temple, elephant and two-story building in this cave are carved with chisel hammer. When I saw this artisanship of the craftsmen, I fell in front of them. Because to make a magnificent construction by carving with a chisel hammer is a work of patience and labor. Looking at this, it does not appear that any human has done this work. It seems that the owner of an infinite power or a great man has done the construction work. It would have taken many centuries to cut and build the mountain.

world Heritage Site

After being declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO since 1983, the paintings and sculptures of Ajanta and Ellora are considered excellent specimens of Buddhist religious art and have a profound influence on the development of art in India. Ellora has preserved an artistic tradition that will continue to inspire and enrich the lives of future generations. Not only is this cave complex a unique artistic creation, it is also an excellent example of technological use. But it has been devoted to Buddhist, Hindu and Jainism for centuries. They reflect the spirit of tolerance, which has been characteristic of ancient India.

INDIAN TOURISM, AJANTA CAVES.

AJANTA'S CAVES

The rock-cut Buddhist cave temple and monastery is located near Ajanta village in north-central Maharashtra, western India, which is noted for its mural painting. These temples are built by hollowing out layers of igneous rocks of a rock at the 20 meter deep left end of the Vagurna river valley 107 km northeast of Aurangabad.

This group of about thirty caves was excavated in the first century BC. And between the seventh century it was performed in two forms - Chaitya (temple) and Vihara (monastery). Although the sculpture of these temples, especially the ornamentation of the chaitya pillars, is amazing, the main attraction of Anjata's caves is mural painting. The Buddhist religious narratives and deities depicted in these paintings with as much abundance and vivacity are unique in the field of Indian art.

The caves of Ajanta are steeped in sculpture and painting inspired by Buddhism and filled with their compassionate emotions, reflecting the fine knowledge of art and precious times in human history. These caves, carved by Buddhist and Jainism, are ornamented with carvings. Yet there is a peace and spirituality in them and they are full of divine energy and power. Starting in the second century D.C. and the sixth century A.D. Continuing in D., these caves of Ajanta, about 107 km from Aurangabad city in Maharashtra, are built in the shape of huge horseshoes by cutting the mountain. A herd of 29 caves in Ajanta is one of the finest examples of Buddhist architecture, cave painting and sculpture painting. These caves have chaitya chambers or monasteries, dedicated to Lord Buddha and Vihara, which were used by Buddhist monks to meditate and study the teachings of Lord Buddha. These paintings on the walls and ceilings of the caves depict various incidents of the life of Lord Buddha and various Buddhist deities. The most important of these paintings are the Jataka tales, depicting a variety of stories related to the Buddha's previous birth as a Bodhisattva, a saint who was destined to become a Buddha. It presents sculptures and paintings in an effective manner while being free from the effects of time. These beautiful images and pictures depict Buddha in a calm and holy pose.

These 30 caves, located on the Sahyadri hills, have about 5 prayer halls and 25 Buddhist monasteries. These caves were discovered by Army officer John Smith and his team in 1819. When he came here to hunt, he saw a series of 29 caves lined and thus these caves became famous. Built in the shape of a horseshoe, these caves are of very ancient and historical importance. These depict Buddhism from 200 BCE to 650 BCE. Beautiful paintings with various postures of beautiful apsaras and princesses are also engraved on the walls in the caves of Ajanta, which are very beautiful specimens of excellent painting and sculpture. Ajanta caves can be divided into two parts. In one part there is a glimpse of the Hinayana of Buddhism and in the other part there is a glimpse of Mahayana sect. The Hinayana part has 2 chaityas and 4 viharas and the Mahayana part has 3 chaityas and 11 viharas. These are 19th-century caves, which have statues and paintings of Buddhist monks. Sculpted with the help of a hammer and chisel, these idols themselves contain unmatched beauty.

Of the total 29 caves built in Ajanta, only 6 are present, cave numbers 1, 2, 9, 10, 16, 17 remaining. Of these 6 caves, cave number 16 and 17 are Gupta. Ajanta's paintings technically rank first in the world. In these caves, various types of flower-leaves, trees and animal motifs and the work of depicting statues of Buddha and Bodhisattvas, stories from Jataka texts have been used as a descriptive scene. These pictures mostly depict Jataka tales. Somewhere in these paintings, human characters of non-Indian origin are also depicted. A feature of Ajanta's painting is that the scenes in these paintings are not divided into different configurations.

In Ajanta, pictures have been made using both 'Fresco' and 'Tempera' methods. Before making the painting, the wall was thoroughly rubbed and cleaned and then plastered on it. The picture of the 'dying princess' engraved in Ajanta's cave number 16 is admirable. Praising this painting, Griffith, Verges and Ferguson said, - "Compassion, sentiment and the vision to say your story clearly" is inextricable in the history of painting. Cave number 16 was donated to the Buddhist Sangha by Varaha Mantri, minister of Harishen (475-500 AD), ruler of Vasugupta branch of Vakataka dynasty.

The picture of cave number 17 is called 'Chitrashala'. It was built by a feudal named Harishen. In this Chitrasala, pictures related to Buddha's birth, life, Mahabhinakrishna and the events of Mahaparinirvana are carved. Of all the paintings engraved in cave number 17, the picture of mother and child is the best. Ajanta caves belonged to the Mahayana branch of Buddhism.

The glow of the paintings of Ajanta's famous caves is a matter of wonder for scholars since modern times, even after more than a thousand years. The events related to Lord Buddha are expressed in these paintings. These paintings were made with the colors invented by mixing rice starch, gum and some other leaves and things. They were buried in the ground for about a thousand years and were excavated again in 1819 and brought to light. Even after the passing of a thousand years, their color did not lighten, did not deteriorate, the brightness remained unchanged. If there was an attempt to improve something or apply modern colors, it failed. This technique of colors and lines still reminds us of the glorious past.

British modifier Mr. Griffith says, 'The images he painted in Ajanta were the pinnacle of creation. In Ajanta, the perpendicular (vertical) lines drawn on the walls are easily drawn from the brush. It is truly astonishing masterpiece. But when the ridges on the surface of the roof parallel the equilateral horizon, the corresponding curves, the uniformity in the appearance of the arches and the thousands of complexities of its creation are noticed, it really seems to be an astonishing wonder and a miracle. '

After being declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO since 1983, the paintings and sculptures of Ajanta and Ellora are considered excellent specimens of Buddhist religious art and have a profound influence on the development of art in India. The human and animal forms depicted within the Ajanta in the paintings of these caves, using the creative use of colors and freedom of expression, can be considered a high level of artistic creativity. It has been devoted to Buddhist, Hindu and Jainism for centuries. They reflect the spirit of tolerance, which has been characteristic of ancient India.

INDIAN TOURISM, PRATAPGAD. MAHARASHTRA.

PRATAPGAD

Pratapgad is at a distance of 21 km from Mahabaleshwar to Mahad road. On 10th November, 1659, this fort was built. The biggest battle took place between Shivaji Maharaj and Afzal Khan, so this fort has gained a unique general significance. This fort was established by Shivaji Maharaj in the year 1656. The fort is located at an altitude of about 3543 feet above sea level. Ch. Shivaji Maharaj had established the temple of 'Tulja-Bhavani' mother at this place. Hundreds of kilometers of Konkan area can be seen from this fort. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj! Even if only his name is mentioned, every Marathi man has a feeling of pride and excitement in his mind. Maharaj is the true deity of the whole of Maharashtra, the Hindu man! Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, created by Rajmata Jijau, performed many feats in his vertical life. The story of his prowess is still told to children at home. One of them is Shiv Pratap Din, the day that tells the story of greatness! This day, which tells the story of Maharaj's incredible bravery, is celebrated every year at Pratapgad. We celebrate the day when Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj killed the cruel Afzal Khan at the foot of Pratapgad as Shiv Pratap Day. It is rare to find a Marathi man who does not know the battle of Pratapgad! This is a very important battle in the history of Maharashtra. One of the most exciting moments in history is the assassination of Afzal Khan. In the south, Adilshah had run a little to the ground. As there was no way to stop the Maharajah, Adilshah's mother Buddy Begum finally appealed to the Bhar Darbar of Bijapur that whoever brought Shivaji Maharaj captive would be given a big reward. He was a cruel, cunning Afzal Khan! It was not easy to defeat him. He was a great warrior of Adilshahi and was well versed in all tactics. In order to take care of Shivaji Maharaj, Afzal Khan left Bijapur with a large army in 1659. In Afzal Khan's army, Siddi Hilal, Musakhan, Amber Khan, Yakut Khan, Prataprao More and Pilaji Mohite were the mighty warriors. There were also soldiers with guns.

As he went from floor to floor, he demolished many temples according to Islamic custom. Shivaji Maharaj, on hearing the news of Khan's arrival, shifted his stay from Rajgad to Pratapgad in the remote dense forest. Afzal Khan demolished the Bhavani temple at Tuljapur and then diverted his cash to the temple at Pandharpur, the deity of Maharashtra.

But the maharaja took a defensive stance by playing guerrilla kava. Khan shook hands with Siddi of Janjira and also strengthened his grip on the Konkan side. Khan slowly moved on and stopped at Wai. He was well acquainted with the region as he was formerly the Subhedar of Wai. From this point on, it would be easier for him to play, so he stayed with Wai. Khana wanted to kill Shivaji Mahar even before the war. Maharaj was of the opinion that tactics were better than power. Moreover, as there would have been losses in the war, Maharaj sent his envoys to Khan and showed him that he was scared.

We are scared and we don't want to fight, we want to make a pact or compromise. The messenger informed Khan. Khan called Maharaj to meet Wai. But the Maharaja refused to go to Wise because there was a strong possibility of an assassination. So Maharaj pretended that he was very scared and asked Khan to visit the foothills of Pratapgad. Khan agreed to meet at the foot of Pratapgad. During the meeting, it was decided that neither side would use any weapon. It was decided that each party would have 10 bodyguards and one of them would stay outside the tent and the other bodyguards would stay long.

The date of the visit was 10th November 1659. On the day of the visit, Afzal Khan came to Shamiana before the time of the visit. Shivaji Maharaj had deliberately made a very grand and beautiful shamiana. Although Khan had decided to betray him unarmed, he hid Bichwa under his tunic as he had decided to betray him. After Maharaj came to Shamiana, Afzal Khan invited Maharaj to give him a hug. As soon as Dhippad Afzal Khan hugged Maharaj, he pressed his arm and attacked Maharaj.

But as he was wearing armor, he was not harmed and as Khan betrayed him, Maharaj took out the tiger and stabbed Khan in the stomach and took out his sack. So his bodyguards became alert. A battle broke out between the other bodyguards and the Maharaja's bodyguards. Sayyid Banda attacked Maharaj but Jiva Mahal caught him and cleared the way for Maharaj.

Maharaj sent his head to Jijau as a gift. The Maharaja immediately returned to the fort and ordered the artillery to attack Afzal Khan's army. The troops of the Maharaja were already encamped in the dense forest of Pratapgad. As soon as they heard the sound of gunfire, they attacked Afzal Khan's army. Khan's army was unconscious. Kanhoji Jedhe attacked the gunmen. Musakhan fled. Afzal Khan's army was in turmoil. About 5,000 soldiers were killed and 3,000 captured as prisoners of war and Adilshahi's army was severely defeated. But Maharaj's army did not oppress anyone. This was the big difference between Marathas and others.

This is the heroic story of Maharaj in whose memory Shiv Pratap Day is celebrated.

INDIAN TOURISM, MATHERAN MAHARASHTRA.

Louisa Point Matheran.

MATHERAN

Matheran is a beautiful hill station located in the south-west, about 90 km from Mumbai in the state of Maharashtra in western India. Situated at an altitude of about 2650 feet, the Matheran tourist destination is situated in the mountainous region of the Western Ghats range. Matheran's proximity to the big busy cities makes it an early resort destination on weekends. Matheran means forest on the head. History tells us that Matheran was discovered in the year 1850 by a person named 'Hugh Polintz Mullet'. Along with Panchgani, this place was also developed by the British as a summer tourist destination.

Tourist spot

Matheran is at an altitude of about 800 meters above sea level. Like other tourist places, Matheran also has many scenic spots, which offer mesmerizing views of the nearby horizon.

Penorama Point - This is a point that provides a 360-degree view of the entire area. Tourists get enchanted by seeing the sunrise and sunset that can be seen from this place.

Heart Point - An enchanting view of the light of different colors coming from the night life of Mumbai presents Heart Point.

Louis Point - A historical fort can be clearly seen from this point, which is another famous site of Matheran. Presently this fort is now a ruin, but it was a unique and strong royal structure of its time.

Other attractions

Some other famous points of Matheran are 'Monkey Point', 'Procupine Point' and 'One Tree Hill Point'. Matheran is filled with buildings and monuments inspired by old British architecture. Most of these structures have been declared 'World Heritage Sites'. The lake named Charlotte is the best place to relax. Travelers can see different types of birds here. A quiet environment can be enjoyed while walking on the shore or spending time with children in the garden. While staying at this place, one must see the rural temple of Pisarnath. 'Morbe Dam' is another place related to water. The forests of Matheran are dense and in some parts impenetrable. Tourists are surprised to see the monkeys freely roaming around the entire area. It is generally advised that tourists do not carry any plastic items with them, as monkeys may snatch it.

Vehicle barred area

An interesting fact about Matheran is that it is one of the few areas in the world where vehicles of any kind are not allowed. It is ecologically influenced and gives visitors a glimpse of the times when there were no vehicles nearby. Due to the absence of vehicles, there is very little noise of pollution and horns of vehicles, as a result, this small hill station has maintained attractive peace even after thousands of tourists who come every day. This is the reason why no tourist can escape from the horse riding activity here. There are also hand operated trains. Only an ambulance can go here.

Creative artwork

Customers in the market around here often get excited, because there are many items for tourists, from creative artwork to souvenirs that can be bought and taken home. Matheran is almost protected from scorching heat even in summer. The weather here remains cool throughout the year, where the nights are surprisingly cold. People who come here often vow to come here due to the enticing natural scenery, which attracts them during the monsoon.

How to reach

Matheran is easily accessible from all major cities and metros of India. Whether the journey is by air, road or rail. Matheran is closely connected by rail. The journey from Rail to Matheran is breathtaking. If tourists are planning to reach by air, then Pune is the nearest airport, from where one has to go via ghat by vehicle. The best option to reach here is own vehicle. But one should be careful in this situation, because some of the routes here prove to be difficult even for skilled drivers.

Approximately, there are 38 viewpoints in the Matheran that offers the sweeping view of Western Ghats. But out of all these places, Louisa Point is quite prominent and significant because of the myriad of attractions that are easily visible from here like long-lived old forts, chattering waterfalls and blooming lake gardens. Don't forget to watch out for the panoramic view of the Prabal and Vishalgad fort that can be seen from the Louisa point. Visit here to get bowled by the beauty of the green.

INDIAN TOURISM, VIJAYDURGA FORT, MAHARASHTRA.

VIJAYDURG

Vijaydurg is one of the most important of the western coastal fortifications located 235 km south of the city of Mumbai in the state of Maharashtra. The water fort called Vijayadurg, also known as Gheria. Vaghotan (formerly Kundalika) is situated near the Arabian Sea at the southern end of the mouth of the river. It is famous as the scene of many episodes of Maratha history.

Fortifications also existed during the Shilhar dynasty (late 12th to early 13th century), but the present structure of Vijayadurg dates back to the 16th century Bijapur rulers. It was renovated by Shivaji in 1654 AD. Vijaydurg was the most fortified fort on the west coast with 300 cannons on three rows of fortifications, a strong wall and 27 bastions.

HISTORY

The history of Vijayadurga (1742 -1756 AD) is associated with deep hatred between the strong naval Angre family brothers Tulaji and Manaji, both commanders of the Maratha fleet. Tulaji Angre was a skilled sea warrior and a thorn in the route of the British East India Company. He continuously prevented the British from establishing dominance on the west coast. The British took advantage of the situation by supporting Manaji at the behest of Peshwa Balaji Bajirao, as per the prevailing trick of the time.

A joint naval force led by Edmiral Watson marched south, whose main objective was to eliminate the Maratha power and establish the power of the British on the western coast of India. Vijayadurg was the base of Maratha fleet which controlled a port. On 11 February 1756, the combined fleet of Manaji and East India Company defeated Tulaji Angre in the ground opposite Vijaydurg. During this battle, a ship called 'Restoration' caught fire. This fire also went to the nearby Maratha ships, which weakened the power of Tulaji and ultimately led to his defeat. Maritime dominance of the west coast of India changed in a single day.

REASON TO LOSE

Marathe never recovered from this accident. Partly the reason for the defeat of Tulaji was that their strategy of defeating the forces of Admiral Watson and Manaji against the walls of Vijaydurg at that time considered impregnable was thwarted.

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