TAJ MAHAL
Taj Mahal (Tajmahal) ( construction - 1632 to 1653 AD) is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh state, India. The Taj Mahal is located on the southern bank of the Yamuna River on the outskirts of Agra city. Taj Mahal is the most famous monument of Mughal rule. This white marble work is famous all over the world and is the main center of tourist attraction. The Taj Mahal is one of the seven wonders of the world. The Taj Mahal is a wonderful ruler of a great ruler's love for his beloved queen. The most beautiful and beautiful view of the Taj Mahal is visible on the full moon night.
HISTORY
Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in memory of his wife Arjumand Banu Begum, also known as Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan over the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal. Shah Jahan was also buried there after his death. The mausoleum was named Taj Mahal after the name of Mumtaz Mahal. Arjumand remained the integral consort of Shah Jahan until her death in 1631, during the confinement after the marriage of Nikah in 1612 AD. The residence of Mumtaz Mahal was built after Mumtazah, named after the late queen, now called Taj Ganj and was also built near it. The Taj Mahal is an excellent specimen of Mughal architecture. The construction of the Taj Mahal has a beautiful blend of Persian, Ottoman, Indian and Islamic architecture. In 1983, the Taj Mahal was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Taj Mahal has also been declared the gem of Islamic art of India. The white dome of the Taj Mahal and the central mausoleum covered in marble in tile shape are the finest example of beauty.
THE STRUCTURE
The Taj Mahal is built on a rectangular plot of 580 × 305 meters and aligns towards the north-south. There is a square garden in the middle of the Taj Mahal plot, each arm is 305 meters in length. This garden is surrounded by two small rectangular blocks in the north and south. The southern rectangular section has a sandstone entrance to the premises and attendants' building. The northern rectangular section reaches the banks of the Yamuna River. Here are the most important buildings, such as the famous mausoleum, which has two buildings on the western and eastern sides, mosques and jatavas (buildings that balance the response or aesthetics). It is surrounded by high walls, at the corners of which are octagonal pavilions, in which the jungles have emerged. The boundary wall surrounds the northern section and the central part of the garden. To the south are stables and guards' chambers. The entire complex was planned and constructed in totality, as there was no subsequent manipulation of Mughal building works.
The mausoleum is built on a seven-meter-high marble platform, with four identical sloping entrances and a large arch, which is 33 meters in height on each pane. The structure is completed by consisting of lattooned small domes resting on its high cylindrical base. The concordance of the head of the mausoleum is seated on top of each arch by the Mundare and Kalash and on each corner by a magnificent dome. A three-story tower is built on the four corners of the platform. The marble of the mausoleum is very smooth cut, while the minarets use it in brick style. Inside the mausoleum is the octagonal chamber, which is made of a less ornate and fine Pietra Dura.
CONSTRUCTION
The construction of the Taj Mahal started around 1632. A council of architects from India, Persia, Central Asia and other countries had prepared a plan for the construction of this building. By the time the Taj Mahal was completed in 1653, more than 20 thousand workers and artisans were engaged in the construction of the Taj Mahal daily. The walls and main gates surrounding the Taj Mahal were built in 1649. The construction of the entire Taj complex took 22 years and it cost four crore rupees. Apart from India, there were also workers from Persia and Turkey. Taj has a different style which draws the audience towards itself. Shah Jahan had his hands chopped off by the builders. This monument was designed by the Indian architect Isa. Some people speculate that the help of the architect of Italy or France was also taken to make the plan.
ARCHITECT
Taj Mahal, Agra
Some of the builders of the Taj Mahal are prominent. Kelly Graffer of Taj Mahal was Amanat Khan Shiraji. The tombstone is written by poet Ghiyasuddin, while the Taj Mahal dome was built by Ismail Khan Afridi from Turkey. The superintendent of the Egyptians of the Taj Mahal was Muhammad Hanif. The architect of the Taj Mahal was named Ustad Ahmad Lahori.
MATERIAL
The contents of the Taj Mahal were brought from all over India and Central Asia. A fleet of 1000 elephants was assisted in bringing this material to the construction site. The central dome of the Taj Mahal is 187 feet high. The red sand stone of the Taj Mahal was brought from Fatehpur Sikri, Jasper from Punjab, Jade and Christal from China, Turkoish ie blue stone from Tibet, Lepis Lajuli and Sefair from Sri Lanka, coal from Arabia and diamonds from Cornelian and Panna. A total of 28 types of rare, valuable and semi-precious stones were used in the Taj Mahal in the Taj Mahal. The main building material, the white marble district was brought from the mines of Makrana, Nagaur, Rajasthan.
ENTRY GATE
The main entrance to the Taj Mahal is through the south gate. This entrance is 151 feet long and 117 feet wide and the height of this entrance is 100 feet. Tourists enter the main complex with small gates next to the main entrance.
MAIN DOOR
The main entrance to the Taj Mahal is made of red sandstone. This main gate is 30 meters high. Quranic verses in Arabic script are carved on this main gate. Above this main gate is a small Hindu-style dome-shaped pavilion and looks very magnificent.
One of the main features of this gateway is that letter writing appears to be of similar size from here. The carpenters have carved it so efficiently that big and long letters create the illusion of being one size. There are well-groomed 300 × 300 m gardens in the form of four gardens which are spread on both sides of the walkway. There is a platform in the center from where tourists can take pictures of the Taj.
TAJ MUSEUM
To the left of the stage of the Taj Mahal is the Taj Museum. Here in the original pictures, one can closely see how this monument was planned in architecture. It would take 22 years to build this building. The architect had also guessed this. The diagrams of this closely interiors show the position of the graves so that the foot side of the graves can be seen from any angle to the viewer.
MOSQUE
A mosque made of red sand stone is to the left of the Taj. A common feature of Islamic religion is that a mosque is built near the mausoleum, as it gives that part a sanctity policy and place of worship. The mosque is still used for prayers.
ANSWER
A similar mosque is also built on the right side of the Taj and is called Jawab. Prayer is not performed here as it is towards the west i.e. unlike Mecca, which is the holy religious city of Muslims. It was built to maintain symmetry.
GROOMING
The Taj Mahal is built on a high platform. Four towers rising from each corner of the Taj Mahal's foundation give the tomb a fair balance. These towers are 41.6 meters high and these towers have been deliberately tilted outward so that these towers do not fall on the tomb in an accident like earthquake. The giant dome of the Taj Mahal rests on an exceptionally large drum and has a total height of 44.41 meters. This drum has a stupa from the base to the top. Despite its angles, the central dome is in the middle. It is only one point of access to the tomb, the double steps opening towards the base and the entrance. You have to remove shoes to go in here or you can put a cover on the shoes which are given to you by the staff present here for this purpose.
INTERIOR
The interior of the Taj Mahal has a large central hall, a cellar immediately below it, and below it are basically four chambers with eight corners for graves of members of the royal families. In the center of this room are the graves of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal. Shah Jahan's tomb is to the left and some height above his beloved queen's tomb which is situated just below the dome. On which the previously treasured stones were inlaid. The actual coffin is present in a cellar below the surface of the garden. Quran verses are written in Persian on the grave of Mumtaz Mahal. This grave has a stone inscribed on it - Markad Munawar Arjumad Banu Begum Mukhatib Bah Mumtaz Mahal Tanifiyat Farr Sanah 1404 Hijri.
It is written in Persian on the grave of Shah Jahan -
Markad Muhtahar Aali Hazrat Firdaus Ashiyani Sahib- Quran Sani Sani Shah Jahan Badshah Then Surah Sanah 1076 Hijri.
Above this grave is a lamp, whose flame never ends. Marble nets are built around the graves. Both graves are decorated with semi-precious stones. The control of the sound inside the building is very good, inside which the sound waves of the Quran and musicians are echoed. It is said that before wearing shoes, you should put a circle of the grave so that you can see it from all sides.
