INDIAN TOURISM, MATHERAN MAHARASHTRA.

 

Louisa Point Matheran.

MATHERAN

 Matheran is a beautiful hill station located in the south-west, about 90 km from Mumbai in the state of Maharashtra in western India. Situated at an altitude of about 2650 feet, the Matheran tourist destination is situated in the mountainous region of the Western Ghats range. Matheran's proximity to the big busy cities makes it an early resort destination on weekends. Matheran means forest on the head. History tells us that Matheran was discovered in the year 1850 by a person named 'Hugh Polintz Mullet'. Along with Panchgani, this place was also developed by the British as a summer tourist destination.

 Tourist spot

 Matheran is at an altitude of about 800 meters above sea level. Like other tourist places, Matheran also has many scenic spots, which offer mesmerizing views of the nearby horizon.

 Penorama Point - This is a point that provides a 360-degree view of the entire area. Tourists get enchanted by seeing the sunrise and sunset that can be seen from this place.

 Heart Point - An enchanting view of the light of different colors coming from the night life of Mumbai presents Heart Point.

 Louis Point - A historical fort can be clearly seen from this point, which is another famous site of Matheran. Presently this fort is now a ruin, but it was a unique and strong royal structure of its time.

 Other attractions

 Some other famous points of Matheran are 'Monkey Point', 'Procupine Point' and 'One Tree Hill Point'. Matheran is filled with buildings and monuments inspired by old British architecture. Most of these structures have been declared 'World Heritage Sites'. The lake named Charlotte is the best place to relax. Travelers can see different types of birds here. A quiet environment can be enjoyed while walking on the shore or spending time with children in the garden. While staying at this place, one must see the rural temple of Pisarnath. 'Morbe Dam' is another place related to water. The forests of Matheran are dense and in some parts impenetrable. Tourists are surprised to see the monkeys freely roaming around the entire area. It is generally advised that tourists do not carry any plastic items with them, as monkeys may snatch it.

 Vehicle barred area

 An interesting fact about Matheran is that it is one of the few areas in the world where vehicles of any kind are not allowed. It is ecologically influenced and gives visitors a glimpse of the times when there were no vehicles nearby. Due to the absence of vehicles, there is very little noise of pollution and horns of vehicles, as a result, this small hill station has maintained attractive peace even after thousands of tourists who come every day. This is the reason why no tourist can escape from the horse riding activity here. There are also hand operated trains. Only an ambulance can go here.

 Creative artwork

 Customers in the market around here often get excited, because there are many items for tourists, from creative artwork to souvenirs that can be bought and taken home. Matheran is almost protected from scorching heat even in summer. The weather here remains cool throughout the year, where the nights are surprisingly cold. People who come here often vow to come here due to the enticing natural scenery, which attracts them during the monsoon.

 How to reach

 Matheran is easily accessible from all major cities and metros of India. Whether the journey is by air, road or rail. Matheran is closely connected by rail. The journey from Rail to Matheran is breathtaking. If tourists are planning to reach by air, then Pune is the nearest airport, from where one has to go via ghat by vehicle. The best option to reach here is own vehicle. But one should be careful in this situation, because some of the routes here prove to be difficult even for skilled drivers.

Approximately, there are 38 viewpoints in the Matheran that offers the sweeping view of Western Ghats. But out of all these places, Louisa Point is quite prominent and significant because of the myriad of attractions that are easily visible from here like long-lived old forts, chattering waterfalls and blooming lake gardens. Don't forget to watch out for the panoramic view of the Prabal and Vishalgad fort that can be seen from the Louisa point. Visit here to get bowled by the beauty of the green.

If you need some help while traveling, please tell us exactly how to get there. For the nearest bus station, train station, airport, accommodation, meals, etc. contact me on email parkhenandu1@gmail.com

INDIAN TOURISM, VIJAYDURGA FORT, MAHARASHTRA.

 

VIJAYDURG

 Vijaydurg is one of the most important of the western coastal fortifications located 235 km south of the city of Mumbai in the state of Maharashtra.  The water fort called Vijayadurg, also known as Gheria.  Vaghotan (formerly Kundalika) is situated near the Arabian Sea at the southern end of the mouth of the river.  It is famous as the scene of many episodes of Maratha history.

 Fortifications also existed during the Shilhar dynasty (late 12th to early 13th century), but the present structure of Vijayadurg dates back to the 16th century Bijapur rulers.  It was renovated by Shivaji in 1654 AD.  Vijaydurg was the most fortified fort on the west coast with 300 cannons on three rows of fortifications, a strong wall and 27 bastions.

 HISTORY

 The history of Vijayadurga (1742 -1756 AD) is associated with deep hatred between the strong naval Angre family brothers Tulaji and Manaji, both commanders of the Maratha fleet.  Tulaji Angre was a skilled sea warrior and a thorn in the route of the British East India Company.  He continuously prevented the British from establishing dominance on the west coast.  The British took advantage of the situation by supporting Manaji at the behest of Peshwa Balaji Bajirao, as per the prevailing trick of the time.

 A joint naval force led by Edmiral Watson marched south, whose main objective was to eliminate the Maratha power and establish the power of the British on the western coast of India.  Vijayadurg was the base of Maratha fleet which controlled a port.  On 11 February 1756, the combined fleet of Manaji and East India Company defeated Tulaji Angre in the ground opposite Vijaydurg.  During this battle, a ship called 'Restoration' caught fire.  This fire also went to the nearby Maratha ships, which weakened the power of Tulaji and ultimately led to his defeat.  Maritime dominance of the west coast of India changed in a single day.

 REASON TO LOSE

Marathe never recovered from this accident.  Partly the reason for the defeat of Tulaji was that their strategy of defeating the forces of Admiral Watson and Manaji against the walls of Vijaydurg at that time considered impregnable was thwarted.

If you need some help while traveling, please tell us exactly how to get there. For the nearest bus station, train station, airport, accommodation, meals, etc. contact me on email parkhenandu1@gmail.com

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INDIAN TOURISM. QUTUB MINAR, DELHI.

 

Qutub Minar

Qutub Minar

 Qutub Minar is a very high tower situated atop the Lalkot monument, it is one of the most famous places in Delhi.  Qutubuddin Aibak started the construction of Qutub Minar in 1199 and his son-in-law and successor Shamshuddin Iltutmish completed it in 1368.

 The building was named after Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki.

 It is believed that the Qutub Minar was used as the tower of the nearby mosque and the Ajan was offered from here.

 Quranic verses are written on this building made of red and light yellow stone.

 Originally, Qutub Minar was of seven floors but now it has remained of five floors.

 The Qutub Minar has a total height of 72.5 meters and has 379 stairs.  It has also been repaired from time to time.

 The emperors who got it repaired on its walls are mentioned.

 There are many more buildings in Qutub Minar complex.  India's first Kuwait-ul-Islam-mosque, Alai Darwaza and Iltutmish's tomb are also built here.

 There is also a fourth-century iron pillar near the mosque which attracts a lot of tourists.

 Five floors of this building, three floors are made of red stone and two floors are made of marble and red stone.  Having a balcony in front of each floor appears well.

 According to the Devanagari language inscription in the tower, the tower was damaged in 1326 and it was repaired by Muhammad bin Tughlaq.

 Later in 1368, Ferozeshah Tughlaq removed its upper storey and added two floors to it.  Near it are the mausoleums of Adham Khan, son of Sultan Iltutmish, Alauddin Khilji, Balban and Akbar's foster mother.

If you need some help while traveling, please tell us exactly how to get there. For the nearest bus station, train station, airport, accommodation, meals, etc. contact me on email parkhenandu1@gmail.com

INDIAN TOURISM. BULAND DARWAZA. FATEHPUR SIKRI

 

Explore The Beautiful Town Of Fatehpur Sikri

A number of people know Fatehpur Sikri as a tourist attraction similar to the Taj Mahal or any other monuments here in Uttar Pradesh. But in reality, just at the western side of Agra, Fatehpur Sikri is a small town that attracts a number of tourists from all over the world.

The History Of Fatehpur Sikri

Fatehpur Sikri has its own rich history and is one of the best creations of the Mughal Empire during the 16th century. The town is said to be created during the reign of Emperor Akbar in between 1572 and 1585.

In order to enter the town of Fatehpur Sikri, you need to cross the huge gate that is known by the name of Buland Darwaza. Maximum of the monuments here are made up of red sandstone and marble. You can easily notice some of the most beautiful architectural works that is a combination of both Mughal and Hindu designs.

When you are here at Fatehpur Sikri, you can have a look at some of the most important and beautiful creations. Some of them are:

·Buland Darwaza,

·Jama Mosque,

·Tomb of Salim Chishti,

·Jodha Bai’s Palace,

·Birbal’s Palace,

·Panch Mahal,

·Fatehpur Sikri fort,

·Diwan-E-Khas.

There are so many stories about these monuments at Fatehpur Sikri. Either you can do your own research about these incredible stories or can spare some time to listen to the stories of the local guides at the town.

Reaching Fatehpur Sikri

The town of Fatehpur Sikri is located at a distance of about 40 kms from Agra. There are several ways how you can reach the place.

If you wish to avail the train services, you can take such trains that can take you to Agra Cantt. From here, you can take the roadways to reach Fatehpur Sikri.

If you are not much of a train person, you can also take the roadways directly from Agra, Delhi or Jaipur to reach the town. This may be a much time consuming trip but if you have a lot of time in hand and wish to enjoy the amazing view of Uttar Pradesh, you can always avail such a trip. You can either avail bus services from Agra or Jaipur. Also, if you are traveling by air, you can get down at the Delhi airport and then can take cab services to reach the beautiful town of Fatehpur Sikri.

It is a one day trip at the town. But if you wish to spend some more days, there are a few good hotels available here for your accommodation.

If you need some help while traveling, please tell us exactly how to get there. For the nearest bus station, train station, airport, accommodation, meals, etc. contact me on email parkhenandu1@gmail.com

INDIAN TOURISM. KHANDALA, MAHARASHTRA.

 

KHANDALA

 Khandala is a beautiful hill station in Pune district of Maharashtra state of India, which is located in the Sahyadri Mountains.  Situated in the western part of the Sahyadri Range, this place is situated at an elevation of about 625 meters above sea level and is a famous scenic spot in India.  Located at the end of Bhor Ghat, this place is about three kilometers from Lonavala, which is another hill station.  It is located at a distance of seven kilometers from Karjat, which is special for those traveling on foot.

 HISTORY

 There is no reliable historical evidence about the origin of Khandala.  Although it is a well-known fact that before the British authority, the great Maratha warrior Chhatrapati Shivaji and the Peshwas ruled Khandala for a long time.  Like all other hill stations, Khandala is a testimony to the colonial era.  The rich cultural heritage of India is clearly seen in the historical sites and monuments here.

 TOURIST SPOT

 Nestled in the hills and valleys of the Sahyadri mountain range, this place has an enjoyable season throughout the year.  Adorned with beautiful natural landscape, Khandala impresses tourists with its breathtaking views of grassy hills, bright valleys, beautiful lakes and pleasant waterfalls.  Some of the places of tourist attraction include Amritanjan Point, Dukes Nose, Raywood Park and Bhushi Dam.  Apart from the immense natural splendor, this hill station is also very famous for its cave temples, which were built in the second century BC.

 Khandala tourism is visited by many places and is one of the interesting regions of India, where the magnificent natural beauty is present.  Lohagad fort means iron fort and it was built to keep prisoners.  Another tourist spot near Khandala is the 'Kune Falls', which falls from a height of 100 meters.  It is surrounded by greenery all around.  Tourists must see the Rajamachi Fort, which is an iconic tourist destination and is surrounded by evergreen valleys and gardens.  Tourist places in Khandala are truly amazing, full of abundant natural beauty.

 NATURAL BEAUTY

 The cave temples here represent Buddhist architecture.  Here evidence of the presence of Hinayana sect is also found in the past.  For nature lovers and enthusiasts, walking in the picturesque valleys is a mysterious attraction, which is the specialty of this place.  Khandala has been blessed with abundant natural beauty and the monsoon is the best time to witness this natural marvel when it is at its peak.  Everything looks dense, green and fresh around you, which creates a heady feeling in you.

 WHEN TO GO

 The time from October to May is the best time to visit Khandala.  The best advantage of this beautiful hilly terrain is taken through trekking.  Travelers coming here or experienced people, everyone should choose a trail to reach the top of the mountains and cliffs and see the beautiful valleys below.  'Dukes nose point' and 'Karla hills' are the two popular trekking places here.  The weather is ideal throughout the year to visit Khandala.  Most of the time the weather here is warm and hospitable.  However, winter is the best time to visit here.  The serene and enchanting weather here enhances the joy of vacation at this place.

 HOW TO REACH

 Khandala is easily accessible by air, road and rail.  The Mumbai-Pune highway, the major link between Mumbai and Pune, passes through Khandala.  Its accessibility from the surrounding cities makes it an attractive place for hiking and relaxing.  Khandala is well connected to all major cities of Maharashtra by rail, road and air.  The Pune airport is the nearest airport, although several intercity trains are available that connect major cities of Maharashtra to Khandala.

If you need some help while traveling, please tell us exactly how to get there. For the nearest bus station, train station, airport, accommodation, meals, etc. contact me on email parkhenandu1@gmail.com

INDIAN TOURISM, TAJMAHAL. AGRA

 

TAJ MAHAL

 Taj Mahal (Tajmahal) ( construction - 1632 to 1653 AD) is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh state, India.  The Taj Mahal is located on the southern bank of the Yamuna River on the outskirts of Agra city.  Taj Mahal is the most famous monument of Mughal rule.  This white marble work is famous all over the world and is the main center of tourist attraction.  The Taj Mahal is one of the seven wonders of the world.  The Taj Mahal is a wonderful ruler of a great ruler's love for his beloved queen.  The most beautiful and beautiful view of the Taj Mahal is visible on the full moon night.

 HISTORY

 Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in memory of his wife Arjumand Banu Begum, also known as Mumtaz Mahal.  The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan over the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal.  Shah Jahan was also buried there after his death.  The mausoleum was named Taj Mahal after the name of Mumtaz Mahal.  Arjumand remained the integral consort of Shah Jahan until her death in 1631, during the confinement after the marriage of Nikah in 1612 AD.  The residence of Mumtaz Mahal was built after Mumtazah, named after the late queen, now called Taj Ganj and was also built near it.  The Taj Mahal is an excellent specimen of Mughal architecture.  The construction of the Taj Mahal has a beautiful blend of Persian, Ottoman, Indian and Islamic architecture.  In 1983, the Taj Mahal was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.  The Taj Mahal has also been declared the gem of Islamic art of India.  The white dome of the Taj Mahal and the central mausoleum covered in marble in tile shape are the finest example of beauty.

 THE STRUCTURE

 The Taj Mahal is built on a rectangular plot of 580 × 305 meters and aligns towards the north-south.  There is a square garden in the middle of the Taj Mahal plot, each arm is 305 meters in length.  This garden is surrounded by two small rectangular blocks in the north and south.  The southern rectangular section has a sandstone entrance to the premises and attendants' building.  The northern rectangular section reaches the banks of the Yamuna River.  Here are the most important buildings, such as the famous mausoleum, which has two buildings on the western and eastern sides, mosques and jatavas (buildings that balance the response or aesthetics).  It is surrounded by high walls, at the corners of which are octagonal pavilions, in which the jungles have emerged.  The boundary wall surrounds the northern section and the central part of the garden.  To the south are stables and guards' chambers.  The entire complex was planned and constructed in totality, as there was no subsequent manipulation of Mughal building works.

 The mausoleum is built on a seven-meter-high marble platform, with four identical sloping entrances and a large arch, which is 33 meters in height on each pane.  The structure is completed by consisting of lattooned small domes resting on its high cylindrical base.  The concordance of the head of the mausoleum is seated on top of each arch by the Mundare and Kalash and on each corner by a magnificent dome.  A three-story tower is built on the four corners of the platform.  The marble of the mausoleum is very smooth cut, while the minarets use it in brick style.  Inside the mausoleum is the octagonal chamber, which is made of a less ornate and fine Pietra Dura.

 CONSTRUCTION

 The construction of the Taj Mahal started around 1632.  A council of architects from India, Persia, Central Asia and other countries had prepared a plan for the construction of this building.  By the time the Taj Mahal was completed in 1653, more than 20 thousand workers and artisans were engaged in the construction of the Taj Mahal daily.  The walls and main gates surrounding the Taj Mahal were built in 1649.  The construction of the entire Taj complex took 22 years and it cost four crore rupees.  Apart from India, there were also workers from Persia and Turkey.  Taj has a different style which draws the audience towards itself.  Shah Jahan had his hands chopped off by the builders.  This monument was designed by the Indian architect Isa.  Some people speculate that the help of the architect of Italy or France was also taken to make the plan.

 ARCHITECT

 Taj Mahal, Agra

 Some of the builders of the Taj Mahal are prominent.  Kelly Graffer of Taj Mahal was Amanat Khan Shiraji.  The tombstone is written by poet Ghiyasuddin, while the Taj Mahal dome was built by Ismail Khan Afridi from Turkey.  The superintendent of the Egyptians of the Taj Mahal was Muhammad Hanif.  The architect of the Taj Mahal was named Ustad Ahmad Lahori.

 MATERIAL

 The contents of the Taj Mahal were brought from all over India and Central Asia.  A fleet of 1000 elephants was assisted in bringing this material to the construction site.  The central dome of the Taj Mahal is 187 feet high.  The red sand stone of the Taj Mahal was brought from Fatehpur Sikri, Jasper from Punjab, Jade and Christal from China, Turkoish ie blue stone from Tibet, Lepis Lajuli and Sefair from Sri Lanka, coal from Arabia and diamonds from Cornelian and Panna.  A total of 28 types of rare, valuable and semi-precious stones were used in the Taj Mahal in the Taj Mahal.  The main building material, the white marble district was brought from the mines of Makrana, Nagaur, Rajasthan.

 ENTRY GATE

 The main entrance to the Taj Mahal is through the south gate.  This entrance is 151 feet long and 117 feet wide and the height of this entrance is 100 feet.  Tourists enter the main complex with small gates next to the main entrance.

 MAIN DOOR

 The main entrance to the Taj Mahal is made of red sandstone.  This main gate is 30 meters high.  Quranic verses in Arabic script are carved on this main gate.  Above this main gate is a small Hindu-style dome-shaped pavilion and looks very magnificent.

 One of the main features of this gateway is that letter writing appears to be of similar size from here.  The carpenters have carved it so efficiently that big and long letters create the illusion of being one size.  There are well-groomed 300 × 300 m gardens in the form of four gardens which are spread on both sides of the walkway.  There is a platform in the center from where tourists can take pictures of the Taj.

 TAJ MUSEUM

 To the left of the stage of the Taj Mahal is the Taj Museum.  Here in the original pictures, one can closely see how this monument was planned in architecture.  It would take 22 years to build this building. The architect had also guessed this.  The diagrams of this closely interiors show the position of the graves so that the foot side of the graves can be seen from any angle to the viewer.

 MOSQUE

 A mosque made of red sand stone is to the left of the Taj.  A common feature of Islamic religion is that a mosque is built near the mausoleum, as it gives that part a sanctity policy and place of worship.  The mosque is still used for prayers.

 ANSWER

 A similar mosque is also built on the right side of the Taj and is called Jawab.  Prayer is not performed here as it is towards the west i.e. unlike Mecca, which is the holy religious city of Muslims.  It was built to maintain symmetry.

 GROOMING

 The Taj Mahal is built on a high platform.  Four towers rising from each corner of the Taj Mahal's foundation give the tomb a fair balance.  These towers are 41.6 meters high and these towers have been deliberately tilted outward so that these towers do not fall on the tomb in an accident like earthquake.  The giant dome of the Taj Mahal rests on an exceptionally large drum and has a total height of 44.41 meters.  This drum has a stupa from the base to the top.  Despite its angles, the central dome is in the middle.  It is only one point of access to the tomb, the double steps opening towards the base and the entrance.  You have to remove shoes to go in here or you can put a cover on the shoes which are given to you by the staff present here for this purpose.

 INTERIOR

 The interior of the Taj Mahal has a large central hall, a cellar immediately below it, and below it are basically four chambers with eight corners for graves of members of the royal families.  In the center of this room are the graves of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal.  Shah Jahan's tomb is to the left and some height above his beloved queen's tomb which is situated just below the dome.  On which the previously treasured stones were inlaid.  The actual coffin is present in a cellar below the surface of the garden.  Quran verses are written in Persian on the grave of Mumtaz Mahal.  This grave has a stone inscribed on it - Markad Munawar Arjumad Banu Begum Mukhatib Bah Mumtaz Mahal Tanifiyat Farr Sanah 1404 Hijri.

 It is written in Persian on the grave of Shah Jahan -

 Markad Muhtahar Aali Hazrat Firdaus Ashiyani Sahib- Quran Sani Sani Shah Jahan Badshah Then Surah Sanah 1076 Hijri.

 Above this grave is a lamp, whose flame never ends.  Marble nets are built around the graves.  Both graves are decorated with semi-precious stones.  The control of the sound inside the building is very good, inside which the sound waves of the Quran and musicians are echoed.  It is said that before wearing shoes, you should put a circle of the grave so that you can see it from all sides.

INDIAN TOURISM, BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTER.

 BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE

 Bhabha Atomic Research Center is located in the city of Mumbai in the state of Maharashtra.  It is a multi-disciplinary nuclear research center in nuclear science and engineering and other related fields under the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India.

 Construction

 India's nuclear program began under the leadership of Dr. Homi Jahangir Bhabha.  On 3 January 1953, the Atomic Energy Commission started as the Atomic Energy Institute and was dedicated to the nation on 20 January 1957 by the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.  After this, the Atomic Energy Institute was renovated and renamed as Bhabha Atomic Research Center on 12 January 1967, which was a humble tribute to Dr. Bhabha's accidental death in a plane crash on 24 January 1966.

 FOUNDED BY

 Dr. Homi Jahangir Bhabha was a dreamer who envisioned India's nuclear energy program.  He started a program of research in nuclear science in India in March 1944 with the help of a handful of scientists.  He recognized the immense potential of nuclear energy and its potential for successful use in power generation and allied sectors.  Dr. Bhabha started this work with the goal of achieving self-reliance in the field of nuclear science and engineering, and today's Department of Atomic Energy which is a group of diverse science and engineering fields is the result of Dr. Bhabha's vision.  Dr. Homi Jahangir Bhabha started the Indian nuclear program in March 1944, recognizing high potential in a viable alternative source for nuclear power generation.  It was Dr. Bhabha's vision that led to the beginning of nuclear research in India at the time when the miracle of nuclear disintegration was being discovered by Otto Han and Fritz Strassman, and then by the feasibility of the nuclear chain reactions unambiguous by Enrico Fermi and colleagues  Reported about.  At that time, nuclear fission and uncontrolled chain reaction was negligible to the outside world.  No one was ready to give any recognition to the idea of ​​nuclear power generation.  Dr. Bhabha was a skilled scientist and committed engineer as well as a dedicated architect, cautious planner and accomplished executive.  He was an excellent lover of fine arts and music and a philanthropist.  The right path adopted by Dr. Bhabha towards the Indian Atomic Energy Program is one of the best in the world.  The members of the Department of Atomic Energy and the people of the entire country salute this great scientist and in the coming years also pledge to follow the path chosen by him.

 INHERITANCE

 In March 1944, Dr. Bhabha approached Sir Dorabji Tata Trust to undertake nuclear research in India, which led to the establishment of the Tata Fundamental Research Institute in Mumbai and was inaugurated on 19 December 1945.  The Atomic Energy Act was passed on 15 April 1948 and the Atomic Energy Commission was established on 10 August 1948.  A detailed survey of sparse minerals and uranium deposits was initiated by the Atomic Minerals Division with a view to promote studies on the use of nuclear energy for the benefit of the nation and for chemical processing and recovery of sparse soil compounds and thorium uranium deposits dated 18.  Indian Rare Earths Ltd. was established on August 1959.  The Atomic Energy Institute Trombay (AEET) was launched by the Atomic Energy Commission on 3 January 1954.  Since 3 August 1954, the Atomic Energy Commission under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Scientific Research was brought under the Department of Atomic Energy and Dr. Homi Bhabha became the Secretary of the Department on behalf of the Government of India.  The Department of Atomic Energy functioned directly under the control of Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and since then this department has been directly under the control of successive Prime Ministers.  All scientists and engineers working in the fields of reactor design and development, mechanization, metallurgy and materials science, etc. were transferred from TIFR to AEET with their own programs which became an integral part of the newly created Institute of Atomic Energy, Trombay.  TIFR has become a full-fledged institution of basic research in nuclear science.

 DEDICATED TO THE NATION

 The Atomic Energy Institute, Trombay was formally dedicated to the nation on 20 January 1957 by the then Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.  After that Prime Minister Indira Gandhi renamed AEET and named it Bhabha Atomic Research Center on January 12, 1967, which was our humble tribute to Dr. Homi Bhabha after his death in an air crash on January 24, 1966.  The Institute of Atomic Energy, Trombay had established itself as a specialized nuclear research institute in the science world where high level research and development work is going on in the areas of nuclear reactor design and installation, fuel fabrication, chemical processing of remaining fuels.  Along with this, sufficient expertise has been gained in the development of application techniques of radioisotopes in medicine, agriculture and industries.  Basic and advanced research in the areas of nuclear physics, spectroscopy, solid state physics, chemistry and life sciences, reactor engineering, mechanization, radiation safety and nuclear medicine etc. were going on at a rapid pace.

 AN OBJECTIVE

 The Bhabha Atomic Research Center provides extensive facilities ranging from basic laboratory bench scale research to plant operations to extensive scientific and technology activities.  Its functional activities include science and technology - all topics from traditional ideas to budding fields.  The basic mandate of this institution is to provide all the research and development support required for the peaceful use of power generation and nuclear energy.  This includes preparation of peripheral components, computer generated working models and their evaluation, integration, selection and reactor operation in simulated reactor operating stage, testing of substances and components for exposure to adverse environmental conditions, development and testing of new reactor fuel materials, etc.  Are included.  In addition, Bhabha Atomic Research Center provides expertise in chemical processing of spent fuels, safe disposal of nuclear waste as well as development of new isotope application technologies in the fields of industry, medicine and agriculture.  At Bhabha Atomic Research Center, efforts are being made to accelerate the advance research work in physics, chemistry and biological sciences so that the country can be taken to the international level in the fields of science and technology.

 FEATURES

 The Bhabha Atomic Research Center is a multi-faceted institution where the results of self-conducted research are transferred to a developmental level and ultimately successfully carried out to the relevant fields through examples.  Advanced equipment and instruments, well established laboratories, favorable conditions and availability of skills from all fields of science and engineering are the characteristics of Bhabha Atomic Research Center which is committed to taking the country towards new horizons of knowledge and development.

INDIAN TOURISM, AMBOLI VALLEY MAHARASHTRA

 AMBOLI VALLEY MAHARASHTRA

Amboli is a small mountainous region located in Maharashtra. This famous tourist destination is in the Sahyadri Range, which falls in Sindhudurg district. Amboli was given the status of hill station in the year 1880. This place is a great place to spend holidays with family etc. The weather here is mostly cold, so it is good to come here during the summer days.Event If the rain showers are enjoyed at a hill station, then this experience is unique in itself. 'Amboli' is a place to realize something similar. This beautiful place is located in the southern range of Sahyadri hills of Sindhudurg district. The spectacular landscape of this place has the potential to captivate anyone. There are many places from which one can enjoy the panoramic view of lush green mountains and fertile earth.Amboli is the perfect place to spend holidays etc. with all the family. History During the British rule, the city of Amboli was used as a high post from where checkpoints were made for soldiers in Central and South India. In 1880 Amboli was declared a hill station. The locals of Sawantwadi discovered the beauty of this place even before the British.

With the monsoon being the rainiest place in Maharashtra, the British made Metheran their favorite destination in summer. As a result, Amboli remained an important place on the map of Maharashtra for a long time. 

Other tourist spot Amboli is a great place to spend weekends. Along with this it is also a romantic place. Tourists can come here to reduce the speed of running life. Amboli is a paradise for waterfalls. Some of the waterfalls found here are some waterfalls.

Shrigaonkar Falls Mahadev waterfall Nangarta waterfall The Nangarta waterfall is an excellent place for picnic and relaxing. There is a small ancient Shiva temple near the mouth of the caves of Hiranyakeshi Falls. It is believed that this temple was built by Shiva himself.Hiranyakeshi Temple got its name from Parvati, which is a name of hers. Being a hill station, Amboli has many scenic spots such as Sea View Point, Kavelsad Point, Parikshit Point and Mahadev Point. All these places provide panoramic views of the confluence of the Arabian Sea and the Konkan coast. 

OTHER PLACES There is an ancient Shiva temple located in Amboli village, also known as 'Hiranyakeshi'. A stream of water comes out from here and joins the Krishna River. These Shiva temples are located in a cave and this stream originates from here. It is believed that there are about 108 Shiva temples here, but only a few of them have been exposed so far.

Tourists visiting here can also enjoy a picnic. The view of the Konkan coast from the thick forests and deep valleys is also very beautiful. Tourists can also see the bauxite mine at a distance of 10 km from this hill station. If tourists are fond of fishing, then it can be enjoyed for hours in Hiranyakeshi. Remains of Madhavgarh Fort can also be seen here. A war memorial is also located on the main road of Amboli.

When to go Because the weather here is cool due to its high altitude, it is better to come here in summer. It is pleasant to stay at this place due to the temperature of 20 degrees Celsius during the monsoon. It would be nice to come here in winter too. Due to the good rainfall occurring during the monsoon period, the waterfall and mist present here enhances the beauty of the natural landscape. Amboli is a great resort for the fun of the rain and for a few days of solitude.

Where you stay

 Amboli has some good and cheap hotels. These include Hotel 'Whistling Woods', 'Silent Valley Resort Shanti Darshan' and 'Hotel Shiv Malhar'. Along with this, resorts of 'Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation' are also present here. Almost all have restaurants, room service and cab service.

TRANSPORTATION Amboli is easily accessible by air, rail and road, being located near Sawantwadi and Goa. The nearest domestic airport to Goa is located at a distance of about 70 km from the airways. Sawantwadi railway station can be used to arrive by rail. Tourists can reach Amboli by taking a taxi from the railway station. With Mumbai at 550 kilometers and Pune at 400 kilometers, many buses are available not only from these two cities but also from other cities.

Names of Indian states and their capitals.

 

States and Capitals of India 2021

S.No	States Name	Capital	Founded on
1	Andhra Pradesh	Hyderabad (Proposed Capital Amaravati)	1 Nov. 1956
2	Arunachal Pradesh	Itanagar	20 Feb. 1987
3	Assam	Dispur	26 Jan. 1950
4	Bihar	Patna	26 Jan. 1950
5	Chhattisgarh	Raipur	1 Nov. 2000
6	Goa	Panaji	30 May. 1987
7	Gujarat	Gandhinagar	1 May. 1960
8	Haryana	Chandigarh	1 Nov. 1966
9	Himachal Pradesh	Shimla	25 Jan. 1971
10	Jharkhand	Ranchi	15 Nov. 2000
11	Karnataka	Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore)	1 Nov. 1956
12	Kerala	Thiruvananthapuram	1 Nov. 1956
13	Madhya Pradesh	Bhopal	1 Nov. 1956
14	Maharashtra	Mumbai	1 May. 1960
15	Manipur	Imphal	21 Jan. 1972
16	Meghalaya	Shillong	21 Jan. 1972
17	Mizoram	Aizawl	20 Feb. 1987
18	Nagaland	Kohima	1 Dec. 1963
19	Odisha	Bhubaneswar	26 Jan. 1950
20	Punjab	Chandigarh	1 Nov. 1956
21	Rajasthan	Jaipur	1 Nov. 1956
22	Sikkim	Gangtok	16 May. 1975
23	Tamil Nadu	Chennai	26 Jan. 1950
24	Telangana	Hyderabad	2 Jun. 2014
25	Tripura	Agartala	21 Jan. 1972
26	Uttar Pradesh	Lucknow	26 Jan. 1950
27	Uttarakhand	Dehradun (Winter) Gairsain (Summer)	9 Nov. 2000
28	West Bengal	Kolkata Territories. Union Territories Names Capital Founded on Andaman and Nicobar Islands Port Blair 1 Nov. 1956 Chandigarh Chandigarh 1 Nov. 1966 Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu Daman 26 Jan. 2020 Delhi New Delhi 9 May. 1905 Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter) 31 Oct 2019 Lakshadweep Kavaratti 1 Nov. 1956 Puducherry Pondicherry 1 Nov. 1954 Ladakh Leh 31 Oct 2019

INDIA. MURUD JANJIRA FORT MAHARASHTRA

 MURUD JANJIRA FORT MAHARASHTRA

Janjira Fort is located near Raigad in Konkan, Maharashtra. History Janjira is a desecration of the Arabic word 'Jazeera', meaning island. In 1490 AD, the Nizamshah of Ahmednagar established a garrison for himself at Janjira and handed it over to 'Siddi Yakut Khan', a valiant Habshi skilled in navigational art. It had two tasks - first to protect coastal trade and second, to take and bring Muslim Haj pilgrims to Mecca safely. In this way a small state of Janjira was established, which in the long run was also subject to political changes.When Shivaji invaded Kalyan in 1657 AD and annexed the Bijapur part of North Konkan, Siddi Sardar confronted him with a large contingent of his brave sailors. Therefore, it became necessary for Shivaji to build a naval force for himself, to prevent Siddi power, as well as to strengthen his power on the west coast. Shivaji's war with the Siddis began in 1657 AD and continued till his death.There were some fierce battles in between. Once it also happened that Shivaji got the right over all the territories of Siddi except Janjira. But Shivaji's victory in the changed circumstances was momentary. With the help and encouragement of the Mughals, the power of the Siddis increased steadily, resulting in conflict between the two.In 1734–35 AD, Sardar Angre, the naval chief of the Marathas, captured several parts of Janjira. Shahu was very angry with Siddi's fierce attack on Colaba. He sent 'Chimnaji Appa' against the Siddis in 1736 AD. He took the matter seriously and quickly attacked the Siddi power. Later, Tulozi Angre suppressed the Siddis almost completely.

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